弹射式耳勺型水稻精量穴直播排种器设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Rebound Dipper Hill-drop Precision Direct Seed-metering Device for Rice

为满足水稻种植精量穴直播要求,设计了一种弹射式耳勺型水稻精量穴直播排种器。阐述了排种器的工作原理,并应用Matlab软件对投种过程中水稻芽种的弹射轨迹进行了研究。为评价排种器性能,选取龙稻6号、龙庆稻2号、龙庆稻3号为试验品种,以旋转盘工作转速、种箱容种高度为影响因素,以排种合格率、重播率、漏播率为指标,采用二次正交旋转组合设计,利用JPS-12型排种器检测试验台进行台架试验,构建了排种性能数学模型。运用Design-Expert 6.0.10软件对试验数据分析并进行验证试验,结果表明:当旋转盘工作转速为29.34 r/min和种箱容种高度为60 mm时,龙稻6号排种合格率为87.23%,重播率为9.56%;龙庆稻2号排种合格率为90.86%,重播率为6.97%;龙庆稻3号排种合格率为89.12%,重播率为7.46%。此排种性能满足水稻精量穴直播要求。

Aiming at the need of precision rice hill-direct-seeding,the precision hill-direct-seeding seedmetering device for rice was designed with the rebound dipper,the work principle of seed-metering device was stated and the movement track of rice seed was analyzed in the process of seeder＇s dropping by means of the Matlab software,the evaluation test of the seed-metering device was conducted by using three kinds of rice,which were Longdao 6,Longqingdao 2 and Longqingdao 3,and rotational quadratic orthogonal experiments was carried out to further analyze the effects of qualified rate,reseeding rate and missing rate on seeding performance,including rotation speed of spinning disk and height of hopper.The JPS-12 detecting and experimental set of seed-metering device was selected to test sowing performances.Experimental data was analyzed by Design-Expert software so as to establish the mathematical model between the experimental factors and indexes.The result showed that the best operational parameter combination was that as the rotation speed of spinning disk was 29.34 r/min and height of seed hopper was 60 mm,the qualified rate and reseeding rate of Longdao 6 were 87.23% and 9.56%,the qualified rate and reseeding rate of Longqingdao 2 were 90.86% and 6.97%,the qualified rate and reseeding rate of the Longqingdao 3 were 89.12% and 7.46%,The sowing performance can meet the requirement of precision rice hill-direct-seeding.The research provided a theoretical reference for the improvement design of precision hill-direct-seeding seed-metering device for rice.