语言测试学中的认知过程研究述评

A review of studies on cognitive processes in language testing

本文从研究范式入手阐述语言测试学中认知过程研究的理论依据。随着"认知效度"这一概念被广泛认可,认知过程研究成为认知效度研究的立足点。研究方法侧重质化方法,主要研究包括比较受试在测试环境中与在真实语境中认知过程的异同;研究题型对受试认知过程的影响;构建特定测试任务的认知过程模型等。研究受试认知过程的意义在于为认知效度研究提供支持,为判断测试任务的真实性和有效性提供依据。

This paper elaborates on the theoretical foundations of cognitive processes research in the field of language testing from the perspective of research paradigms. As the concept of ＂cognitive validity＂ is widely accepted, resear- ches into test-takers＇ cognitive processes now offer empirical support for cognitive validity studies. Qualitative research methods are mostly employed in the researches which mainly include： studies comparing test-takers＇ cognitive processes in the examination setting and real world context; studies that investigate influences of question types on test-takers＇ cognitive processes; and studies that construct a cognitive process model of a specific test task. The signifi- cance of researches on test-takers＇ cognitive processes is to offer empirical support for studies on cognitive validity and the evaluation of the authenticity and validity of test tasks.