洛阳北魏晚期石刻艺术中的西域美术元素

Foreign Artistic Elements in the Sculpture of the Late Northern Wei Period

中古时代的洛阳,由于丝绸之路的畅通,与西域各地有着与日俱增的人事往来和文化交流。尤其北魏建都洛阳之际的西域各国,曾与这一东方都会进行着稠迭连绵的人际往来。此间洛阳以龙门石窟佛教美术为中心的石刻艺术遗迹中,即展现出诸多西域美术元素的迹象。该文列举龙门石窟北魏装饰艺术造像中包括连珠纹图案、卷草纹图案、火焰纹图样、法筵纹图案和金翅鸟雕像数种美术题材,与洛阳同期世俗石刻艺术中的翼兽、畏兽造像加以考察、介绍,希冀以此文化遗迹为案例,追溯当年西域美术元素通过东西方文化交流浸染汉地的史踪。

Thanks to the unimpeded communications along the Silk Road,during medieval times Luoyangexperienced the dramatic increase of human contacts and cultural exchange with Central Asia. Especiallywhen the Northern Wei dynasty established Luoyang as its capital, several Central Asian kingdoms hadfrequent and intense relations with China. The stone-sculpture art best epitomized by the Longmen Grottoesmanifests numerous traces of foreign artistic elements. The present article illustrates,on the one hand,decorative motifs from the Longrnen Grottoes votive sculptures such as beaded, curly grass,flaming,andDharma assembly patterns,as well as the artistic themes of the golden-winged bird and others;on the other,it presents several examples of Luoyang secular sculpture,including winged beasts and apotropaic beasts,inorder to trace back the influences exerted by Central Asian culture on China in the medieval period.