再现与表现:情境教学中主体之所为——对杜威的“情境”与“主体”的思考

Reappearance and Presentation:the Agents' Activities in Situational Instruction——The Reflection about “Situation” and “Agent” of John Dewey

杜威的教育理念"教育即生活""学校即社会""在做中学"集中反映出经验主义的思想印记。通过再现与表现的途径,教师创造出教室里的生活情境,即教学情境。旨在依靠环境的作用,引起学生的某些反应,达到教育的效果。在再现的物质情境或表现的虚拟情境,教师和学生作为能动的主体,发挥个人的想象力、思维力、记忆力,将体现个人色彩的经验融入到教学过程中。主体的能动性是一种思维形式。

The educational theory of John Dewey, which includes ＂education is life＂ ＂school is society learning by doing＂ and so on, reflects empirical ideas. According to reap- pearance and presentation, teachers create the life situations in classrooms, namely teaching situations, which reset on the circumstances to cause students＇ response and achieve the effect of education. In material situations of reappearance or virtual situations of presentation, teachers and students as agents use their capability of imagination, thinking and memory to connect individual experience and instruction. Additionally, the initiative of agents is a form of thinking.