宽阔水国家级自然保护区种养殖遗传资源调查

Investigation on Planting and Breeding Genetic Resources of Kuankuoshui National Nature Reserve

为宽阔水国家级自然保护区生物多样性的保护及开发利用提供参考,采用实地踏查和查阅文献资料方法对该保护区的种养殖种质资源进行调查。结果表明:保护区共有种养殖种质资源174个品种。植物种质资源有117种,其中,粮食作物类41种,如绥阳谷、麻谷和三叶子玉米等;杂粮作物类10种,如乌洋芋和黄洋芋等;蔬菜作物类35种,如黄籽四季豆和朝天椒等;经济作物类12种,如绥阳油菜和绥阳马尾油菜等;经济林果类12种,重要野生植物种质资源有野生猕猴桃、野生天麻、山梨、野葡萄、桑葚、兰花和刺梨等7种。动物种质资源有43种,其中,家畜类17种,如绥阳猪等;家禽类12种,如绥阳鸡等。经济昆虫类2种,分别为意蜂和中蜂。水产鱼类有12种,如鲈鲤等。宽阔水国家级自然保护区具有丰富的种养殖遗传资源,外来品种引种栽培、养殖时应注重保护区本土遗传资源的保护和管理。

The planting and breeding germplasms of the reserve was studied by the method of field investigation and literature investigating, which can provide references for the biodiversity protection, development and utilization of the national nature reserve in Kuankuoshui. Results： There are 174 kinds of planting and breeding germplasms in Kuankuoshui National Nature Reserve. There are 117 kinds of plant germplasms, including 41 kinds of grain crops, such as paddies of Suiyang, Magu and Sanyezhi maize. There are 10 kinds of coarse cereals, such as purple potato and yellow potato. There are 35 kinds of vegetables, such as yellow seed beans and pop pepper. There are 12 kinds of economical crops, such as Suiyang rapeseed and Suiyang Mawei rapeseed. There are 12 kinds of economic fruit categories, including seven important wild plant germplasms, such as wild Actinidia chinensis, wild Gastrodia clara, Pyrus ussuriensis,wild grapes, mulberry fruit, Cymbidium ssp. and Rosa roxbunghii. There are 43 kinds of animal germplasms, including 17 kinds of livestocks like Suiyang pigs and 12 kinds of poultries like Suiyang chickens. There are two kinds of economic insects, Italian bee and Chinese bee. There are 12 kinds of aquaculture fish like perch carp. All above indicated that the research area has a abundant diversity of planting and breeding genetic resources. It is suggested that it is quite important to conserve and manage local genetic resources when alien species are introduced or bred.