竞技体育与暴力关系探析及启示

Analysis of the Relationship between Sports and Violence and Its Enlightenment

竞技体育究竟是增加了亦或是减少了暴力发生,有关竞技体育与暴力的关系中西学界存在激烈争论,呈现出两种对立假说。乐观派认为,体育是社会安全阀,竞技体育发挥了"战争替代"功用,参与者将本能中的攻击性转移至体育赛场内安全宣泄,同时学会面对压力情景时的暴力控制策略,最终实现对暴力的控制;悲观方则认为暴力是竞技体育的本质属性,暴力已经成为竞技体育和新闻传媒的重要卖点,加上观众的群体效应,暴力将伴随竞技体育客观发生且不可根除。文中在查阅大量文献的基础上,对两种假说进行梳理与探讨,并尝试从中找寻有助于我国球场暴力控制的有益启示。研究认为:竞技双方为比赛目的发生的规则允许的身体对抗的"暴力"应不断得到巩固与强化;对观赛观众中发生的偏差行为需要谨慎包容与引导,越轨行为需及时制止以避免升级与扩大化,对暴力犯罪行为必须予以严厉打击;对体育暴力实施者需从社会舆论、经济收益与刑事司法三方面予以及时惩戒;球场暴力的控制需以加强看台文化建设为根本。

Sports is to increase or reduce the occurrence of violence, About the relationship between sports and violence, there is a heated debate between the Chinese and western academia, showing two kinds of opposite hypothesis. Optimists argue that sports is a social safety valve, sports play a ＂war alternative＂ function, The participants transformed the instinct of aggression to the sports area to safety vent, and learn how to use strategy to control violence in the stressful situations, and achieve the social violence control. Pessimistic side thinks that violence is the essential attribute of sports and the vio- lence has become an important selling point of sports and news media, with the crowd effect of the audience, violence will be accompanied by the occurrence of sports objectively, and can not be eradicated. On the basis of consulting a large num- ber of literatures, this paper combs and discusses the two hypothesis, and tries to find some useful inspiration for the control of the stadium violence in our country. Research shows ： Both sides of the competition for the purpose of game and the rules of the game allow the body to fight each other,this kind of ＂violence＂ should continue to be consolidated and strength- ened ; We need to be careful to contain and guide the deviant behavior of the audience, and need to stop their deviant be- havior in time to avoid escalation and expansion, while the violent crimes must be severely punished;The perpetrators of sports violence should be punished in three aspects ： public opinion, economic gains and criminal justice ; The control of the stadium violence should be based on strengthening the construction of the culture of the grandstand.