环境谈判:解决环境冲突的另一方式

Environmental Negotiation:An Alternative Form of Resolving Environmental Conflict

环境冲突已经成为国内环境治理中需要面对的经常性问题,环境谈判或许可以为此提供一种合适的解决方式。现实中的环境冲突主要基于对环境利益与需求的认知差异,面对环境事实,人们表现出不同的信念、偏好与评价。解决环境冲突,有两种正规的方法:环境诉讼和环境谈判。环境诉讼有其优势,但也有其自身无法克服的弊端;而环境谈判在解决环境冲突问题实质方面,则具有其自身优势。为使环境谈判顺利进行,需要重视和处理好其中的原则性关键点,即确定谈判的参与者、明确激励因素、营造合作意愿与基础、引入第三方调解和对协议的遵守。而为促使环境谈判成为解决环境冲突的惯常手段,政府需提供必要支持。

Environmental conflict is a problem that needs to be faced constantly in domestic environmental gov- ernance. Environmental negotiation may provide an alternative form for environmental conflict resolution. In fact, environmental conflict results mainly from different perceptions of environmental interests and environ- mental demands. When faced with environmental facts, people may show distinctive beliefs, preferences and judgement. Environmental conflicts may he resolved through two appraoches-environmental litigation and envi- ronmental negotiation. Environmental litigation has some merits, but it is not without limitations. However, environmental negotiation has its own strengths in resolving environmental conflicts. To guarantee smooth en- vironmental negotiations, several key points need to be cleared, participants identification, incentive confirma- tion, joint problem-solving, third party mediation and compliance with the agreements. It is advisable that gov- ernments adapt to changes and provide essential support to make environmental negotiation a habitual form of environmental conflict resolution.