2016年北京市急性胃肠炎突发公共卫生事件流行病学分析

Epidemiological characteristics of acute gastroenteritis public health emergencies in Beijing,2016

目的研究2016年北京市急性胃肠炎突发公共卫生事件的流行病学特征。方法采用统一的调查表对急性胃肠炎患者开展流行病学调查,并采集患者及密切接触者标本,用荧光定量RT-PCR方法进行核酸检测。结果2016年北京市共报告5起急性胃肠炎突发公共卫生事件,筛查出患者332例,年龄最小5岁,最大44岁,病例分布在中小学以及大学,冬春季高发,临床症状主要为呕吐(84.34%),其次为腹痛和腹泻。共采集并检测病例标本89件,诺如病毒阳性率为39.33%(35/89)。食源性传播和人-人接触传播为2016年突发公共卫生事件的主要传播途径。结论诺如病毒是引起北京市急性胃肠炎突发公共卫生事件的重要病原体。急性胃肠炎疫情主要发生在托幼机构及学校,应加强托幼机构及学校食品卫生管理及消毒。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of acute gastroenteritis public health emergencies in Beijing, 2016. Methods The unified questionnaire on acute gastroenteritis patient was used in the epidemiologieal investigation. The samples of the patients and the close contacts were collected. RT-PCR was used to detect nucleic acids. Results 5 acute gastroenteritis public health emergencies with 332 cases were reported in Beijing, 2016. The age ranged 5 -44 years old. The public health emergencies occurred in primary school, secondary school and college, mainly reported in winter and spring. The main symptoms of acute gastroenteritis were vomiting （84. 34% ）, followed by abdominal pain and diarrhea. 89 specimen were collected and detected, the positive rate of norovirus were 39.33% （35/89）. The main transmission of public health emergencies were food borne and person-to-person transmission. Conclusion Norovirus was one of the major pathogens of acute gastroenteritis public health emergencies. Public health emergencies mainly occurred in school. Food management and disinfection should be strengthened.