北京市鼠疫媒介蚤生态流行病学调查

An investigation on the community and ecology of vector flea of plague in Beijing

目的描述北京市鼠疫媒介蚤的分布特征和种群结构。方法在北京市西、北的5个区设立监测点,每年4-10月使用笼捕法捕捉活鼠,乙醚麻醉后梳检蚤,鉴定种属后计算染蚤率和蚤指数。结果调查中,共检鼠666只,捕获蚤类5种100组305只,包括屈褶副角蚤、窄板额蚤、二齿新蚤、印鼠客蚤和多齿细蚤。鼠染蚤率为15.08%,总蚤指数为0.46。野外环境中,岩松鼠有较高的染蚤率(47.93%)和蚤指数(1.84),家栖鼠中褐家鼠体表检出有印鼠客蚤,蚤指数为0.10。结论北京市优势蚤种为鼠疫媒介效能低的屈褶副角蚤,鼠疫本地传播的可能性较小。

Objective To identify the vector fleas and to clarify the community and ecology of flea related with plague. Methods Rodents were live-trapped with cage traps in the five districts located in the west and north of Beijing. All captured animals were anesthetized with ethyl ether and brushed to collect fleas for assessing flea density, species diversity, and flea index. Results A total of 305 fleas were collected from the 666 rodents, the percent of infestation was 15.08% and the flea index was 0.46. There were five kinds of flea including Paraceras crispus, Frontopsylla nakagawai, Xenopsylla cheopis, Neopsylla bidentatiformis, and Leptopsylla pavlovskii. The percent of infestation was 47. 93% and the flea index was 1.84 on Sciurotamias davidianus in the wild. The Xenopsylla cheopis was found on Rattus norvegicus with the flea index of 0.10. Conclusion It is not easy to transmission through the bite of a flea, because the efficiency of Paraceras erispus for the Plague Bacterium transmission was low, which was the predominant flea in Beijing.