有限空间作业事故特征及其原因分析

Characteristics and causes of accident in confined spaces

为探究有限空间作业事故的特征和原因,统计北京市2006—2015年间的有限空间作业事故类型、发生时间及发生区域等数据,同时分析事故发生的直接原因和间接原因,并应用社会网络分析法研究影响有限空间作业安全管理的关键要素。结果表明,有限空间作业事故以中毒和窒息为主,多发于夏季,区域内事故起数与其常住人口数量有关;事故发生的直接原因是人的不安全行为,主要表现为作业前未检测、未通风以及作业时未佩戴个体防护用品;事故发生的间接原因是管理存在缺陷;有限空间作业安全管理的关键要素是领导层安全意识、安全投入和安全培训等。

In order to study characteristics and causes of accidents in confined space, the statistics method was used to examine the data on the accidents happened in confined space during 2006-2015 in Beijing. Type, time, region and cause of the accidents were analyzed.The social network analysis method was used to identify the key factors influencing management of work safety in confined space. The result shows that main types of accidents are poisoning and suffocating, and the accidents occur commonly in summer. Regional distribution of accidents is related to the regional distribution of permanent resident population, that there is a positive correlation between the number of accident in a district and the population in it, that unsafe acts are the direct reason of the accidents, and no detection and ventilation before entering confined space and no wearing protective equipment are the main unsafe acts, that defects in management of work safety are the indirect cause of the accident, and that key factors affecting confined space safety management are leadership safety consciousness, safety input, and training in work safety.