新疆维吾尔自治区动物棘球绦虫感染调查分析

A survey on Echinococcus infections in animals in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

目的调查新疆维吾尔自治区家(牧)犬、啮齿类动物和家畜感染棘球绦虫或棘球蚴现状。方法2012年8月至2013年9月根据新疆维吾尔自治区棘球蚴病流行情况调查方案,选择有多房棘球蚴病流行的阿勒泰山、塔额盆地、伊犁河谷、北部天山和中部天山等5地的26个县(市)366个行政村作为调查点,采集各村家(牧)犬粪,ELISA检测犬粪棘球绦虫抗原情况,用触摸和肉眼观察啮齿动物和屠宰场家畜(绵羊、马、牦牛、黄牛和山羊)的棘球蚴包囊情况。犬粪抗原阳性率和棘球蚴感染率比较均采用卡方检验。结果共采集家(牧)犬粪8 493份,ELISA检测结果显示,粪抗原阳性率为2.63%(223/8 493),其中塔额盆地阳性率为4.69%(74/1 600),高于伊犁河谷(2.52%,66/2 615)、阿勒泰山(2.14%,50/2 341)、中部天山(2.08%,27/1 298)和北部天山(0.94%,6/639)(χ~2=13.65~18.01,P<0.05)。家畜棘球蚴病患病检出率为6.18%(1 616/26 170),除牦牛和马未检出棘球蚴包囊外,其余均有检出。其中绵羊患病检出率为6.47%(1 550/23 943),高于黄牛(3.18%,30/943)和山羊(2.89%,36/1 247)(χ~2=25.85~16.54,P<0.05)。中部天山家畜患病检出率最高,为18.04%(545/3 021),高于伊犁河谷(6.44%,305/7 312)、北部天山(4.17%,65/2 010)、塔额盆地(3.59%,239/6 652)和阿勒泰山(3.23%,462/7 175)(χ~2=321.46~248.35,P<0.05)。棘球蚴寄生在肝、肺、肝+肺和其他脏器的比例为116∶12∶5∶1。共采集并剖检啮齿动物46种25 400只,其中20种374只啮齿动物检出棘球蚴囊,患病检出率为1.47%。除北部天山的啮齿类动物未检出棘球蚴外,伊犁河谷的患病检出率(3.94%,322/8 120)高于中部天山(0.55%,18/3 260)、塔额盆地(0.55%,28/5 076)和阿勒泰山(0.09%,6/6 942)(χ~2=93.50~264.36,P<0.05)。结论新疆家(牧)犬粪棘球绦虫抗原阳性率以及啮齿动物和家畜棘球蚴病患病检出率仍较高。

Objective To make a systematic survey on Echinococcus infection among domesticated （shepherd） dogs, rodents and livestock in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Method According to the Xinjiang Protocol of Epidemiological Survey on Echinococcosis, 366 administrative villages were selected as the survey spots from 26 counties in districts with echinococcosis multilocularis prevalence, including Altay Mountain, Taer Basin, Yili River Valley, the Northern Tianshan Mountains and the Central Tianshan Mountains, from August 2012 to September 2013. Dog feces were collected for examination of echinococcus antigen with ELISA. Hydatid cyst was examined through touching and visual observation of rodents and livestock at the slaughterhouses including sheep, horses, yaks, cattle and goats. The positive rate of echinococcus antigen in feces and the infection rate of hydatid cysts were analyzed with the chi-square test. Results Of the 8 493 totally collected fecal samples, ELISA showed a positive rate of 2.63% （223/8 493） for echinococcus antigen, and the Taer Basin （4.69%, 74/1 600） had the highest positive rate, followed by Ili River Valley （2.52%, 66/2 615）, Altay Mountain （2.14%, 50/2 341）, the Central Tianshan Mountains （2.08%, 27/1 298） and the Northern Tianshan Mountains （0.94%, 6/639） （χ2 = 13.65-18.01, P〈0.05）. In addition, the detection rate of hydatid cysts was 6.18% （1 616/26 170）. All species except yak and horses had different degrees of infection. The detection rate was higher in sheep （6.47%, 1 550/23 943） than in cattle （3.18%, 30/943） and goats （2.89%, 36/1 247） （χ2 = 25.85-16.54, P〈0.05）. The livestock infection rate was highest in the Central Tianshan Mountains （18.04%, 545/3 021）, followed by the Ili River Valley （6.44%, 305/7 312）, Northern Tianshan Mountains （4.17%, 65/2 010）, Taer Basin （3.59%, 239/6 652） and Altay Mountain （3.23%, 462/7 175） （χ2 = 321.46-248.35, P〈0.05）. The ratio of hydatid cysts found in the liver, lung, lung ＋ liver, and other organs was 116 ∶ 12 ∶ 5 ∶ 1. Regarding the rodent infection, 25 400 of 46 species underwent necropsy, and 374 of 20 species had a positive result （1.47%, 374/25 400）. Hydatid infection was found in all the survey spots except for the Northern Tianshan Mountains, with a highest infection rate in the Ili River Valley （3.94%, 322/8 120） followed by the Central Tianshan Mountains （0.55%, 18/3 260）, the Taer Basin （0.55%, 28/5 076） and the Altay Mountain （0.09%, 6/6 942） （χ2 = 93.50-264.36, P〈0.05）. Conclusions The positive rate of fecal antigen in dogs is 2.63%. The hydatid cysts are found in 6.18% of livestock and 1.47% of wild rodents in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomouse Region.