商业性强制保险制度的合宪性分析

Interpretation of Constitutionality on the Compulsory Commercial Insurance System

商业性强制保险制度落入宪法财产权和契约自由的保护范围,并因其强制性与所附随的处罚措施,构成了对基本权利的限制。商业性强制保险制度以风险分担为主要目标,具有平衡公共利益的功能,契合了宪法中的基本国策条款。就形式审查而言,将商业性强制保险的设定权保留在法律和行政法规的位阶之上具有合理性,使其可以充分考虑全国性重要公共利益的实现。从实质审查而言,商业性强制保险克服了"保险市场失灵问题",且在实现该目标时选择对于公民基本权利限制最小的方法,符合比例原则的要求。因此,商业性强制保险制度具有合宪性,但这种合宪性背后的逻辑链条非常脆弱,因而需要对其进行合宪性控制。

Compulsory commercial insurance system is covered in the scope of property rights and the freedom of contract.Owing to its compulsory purchase and incidental punishment,compulsory commercial insurance system restricts the fundamental rights of the Constitution.However,this system frequently aims at risk-sharing and features comprehensive functions of balancing interests between the public,policy holders and the potential casualty,in ways that suit perfectly fundamental policy clause in the Chinese Constitution.As far as its present form,compulsory commercial insurance system is guided by the principle of legal reservation,which ensures it beyond the local interests and sector interests.By its nature,this system overcomes the market failures by law enforcement,and complies with the principle of proportionality in the means and ends.Given all this,compulsory commercial insurance system has a fragile constitutionality,so it's still subject to periodically constitutional review.