视频卫星对地凝视成像姿态调整技术研究

Research on Attitude Guidance Technology for Video Satellite Staring Imaging on Ground Targets

针对视频卫星成像时视轴对地面目标的指向保持问题、面阵传感器与目标区域之间的相对运动导致的成像质量问题,进行视频卫星对地凝视成像姿态调整技术的研究。首先建立使用面阵传感器的视频卫星对地凝视成像姿态运动学模型,分析卫星与地面目标之间的相对运动过程。然后,以成像质量为基本约束条件,提出一种对地面区域目标凝视成像的三轴姿态机动规划方法。最后,对姿态机动规划方法进行数值仿真和验证,依据仿真结果,提出面阵凝视成像对卫星姿态控制精度的需求。数值仿真分析结果表明,文章提出的面阵凝视成像姿态机动规划方法是合理可行的,所需的姿态指向稳定度为0.003(°)/s,偏航轴姿态稳定度为0.069(°)/s,姿态指向精度为0.01°。

The video imaging observation mode requires the video satellite to stare at area targets on the ground. The relative motion between the array sensor on video satellite and the area target results in complex imaging quality problem. Firstly, an attitude kinematics model at staring ima- ging mode of video satellite using an array sensor is established, and the relative motion between the video satellite and the ground target is analyzed. Secondly, a kind of attitude maneuver plan- ning method of staring imaging onto ground area target is put forward, with imaging quality as the basic constraint conditions. At last, the method is verified by numerical simulation. And on the basis of numerical simulation, the demand of attitude control accuracy for staring imaging mode of video satellite with an plane array sensor is discussed. The interpretation of result indi- cates that the method above mentioned is reasonable and effective. To satisfy the demand of star- ing imaging, the attitude directing stability should be 0. 003°/s, the attitude stability of yaw axis should be 0. 069°/s, and the attitude directing precision should be 0.01°.