大英博物馆藏东汉六博釉陶俑考辨

A Study on Eastern Han Glazed Pottery Figurine of Liu Bo Players Collected in British Museum

大英博物馆收藏有一组东汉六博釉陶俑,较少引起中国学者的关注。本文以河南灵宝张湾东汉墓M3出土的六博釉陶俑作为标准器,将与其题材相同、形制近似的大英藏六博俑相对年代定在东汉中期,即公元2世纪上半叶。根据大英藏品所显示出的"弘农作风",推测其出土地点应在汉弘农郡范围内,即今陇海铁路三门峡至潼关段附近。这一组六博俑的出土时间,有可能在1913至1931年修筑洛潼铁路的时间段内。在此基础上,还对目前已发现的两汉博戏俑资料进行了梳理,分为博局俑与六博俑两种类型,前者见于西汉墓,后者大多出土于东汉墓,并对六博俑出现于东汉墓葬中的原因进行了较为深入的分析。大英藏六博俑具有学术和艺术双重价值,为研究汉代六博的形制演变、汉代社会生活史及雕塑史提供了实物资料。

There is a set of Eastern Han glazed pottery figurine of Liu Bo players collected in British Museum which has caused little attention of Chinese scholars. Referring to another unearthed glazed pottery figurine of backgammon players from the Eastern Han tomb M3 of Zhangwan in Lingbao, Henan province, the paper dates the pottery figurine in British Museum belonging to mid-Eastern Han that is the first half of the 2nd century for their same themes and similar shapes. According to its style of Hongnong, the object should be excavated in Hongnong County of Han Dynastry near the section from Sanmenxia to Tongguan of Lanzhou-Lianyungang Railway today when Luoyang-Tongguan Railway was being built in 1913-1931. On this basis, the paper sorts out the present pottery figurines of game players of Han Dynasties and divides them into two types. One is the pottery figurines of Bo Ju players largely unearthed from Western Han tombs while the other is pottery figurines of Liu Bo players mostly excavated from Eastern Han Dynasty tombs. The paper makes an intensive analysis on the latter. The figurines collected in British Museum have both academic and artistic values, which provide the object materials in the study of the evolution of Liu Bo, the social life history and the sculptural history in Han Dynasties.