新疆阿斯塔那336号唐墓“黑人”俑及相关问题的再考察

“Black” Figurines from the Tang tomb No.366 at Astana of Xinjiang Province and Related Issues

前贤关于新疆吐鲁番阿斯塔那336号唐墓"黑人"俑的研究主要围绕俑的服饰、族属和身份展开,并未涉及俑的表现程式及其具有的含义可能存在变化等问题。本文尝试在归纳整理唐墓出土的"黑人"图像(俑和壁画)的基础上,从图像出发,通过对"黑人"俑的分型分式,探讨俑的渊源和演变。提出"黑人"图像可以上溯至南朝时期,主要出现在北朝至唐玄宗时期,唐代"黑人"俑的表现程式存在着不断被复制和改造的过程。图像中的"黑人"表现的只是深肤色者;细螺旋状发表现的可能只是体质人类学上的"波发",并不代表非洲黑人的"卷发";大眼与突出的眼白也用于描绘胡人。据此推测,阿斯塔那336唐墓和西安裴氏小娘子墓出土的"黑人"俑表现的很可能不是非洲黑人,而是南亚或南海诸岛的居民。

Abstract： The present studies on the ＂black＂ figurines unearthed from the Tang tomb No.366 at Astana of Turpan in Xinjiang province focus on the costume, ethnicity and status of the figurines but not their patterns and the changeable connotations in them. Therefore, the paper tries to sort out the unearthed images of the ＂blacks＂ （including figurines and murals） from Tang tomb and make a discussion on the origin and evolution of the figurines according to the types and patterns. It＇s believed that the image of the ＂blacks＂ should date back to the Southern Dynasty and greatly develop from the Northern Dynasty to the reign of Emperor Xuanzong. The expressive forms of ＂black＂ figurines have been copied and transformed constantly. The ＂black＂ in the image represents people with dark skin while the coiling hair merely shows the ＂wave hair＂ in physical anthropology rather than African ＂curly hair＂. In addition, the big eyes and the conspicuous white of the eye could depict the characteristics of the Central and Western Asian people. Therefore, it＇s speculated that＂black people＂ figurines unearthed from the Tang tomb No.366 at Astana and the tomb of Pei＇s young lady in Xi＇an were likely to represent not African blacks but the inhabitants in South Asia or South China Sea Islands .