我国农村土地承包经营权确权:规则模糊及其厘清

Confirming Contracted Management Rights of Rural Land System: Fuzziness and Clarification

我国农村土地承包经营权确权工作开展以来,确权客体、确权效力和确权期限等方面规则模糊问题逐渐显现:确权客体应维持亦或变更"二轮"承包土地不明;确权效力究竟是登记生效模式亦或登记对抗模式待定;确权期限延续"二轮"承包期限亦或"长久不变"未定。土地承包经营权确权规则的厘清,确权客体应坚持确地以"二轮"承包土地为主,适度微调,灵活确股;土地承包经营权变动应向登记生效模式理性回归,为完善土地承包经营权抵押、流转等处分权能提供必要的基础;应明晰承包期限与"长久不变"的本质区别,"长久不变"政策指向在于明确土地家庭承包经营制度与经营方式的长久不变和赋予集体成员完整而有保障的土地承包经营权,土地承包经营权仍应有期限。

Since confirming China's rural land contract management rights was started,the fuzziness in the principles and standards have begun to emerge,concerning the right subject,right effect and right time length and right rules:whether the right subject maintains or changes the‘second-round’contract land is unknown;whether the right registration effect model or the right registration confrontation model confirms the right is uncertain;whether the right period means extending the contract term of‘second round’or adopting a‘permanent’term is undetermined.To perfect the confirm system of land contract management rights,the right subject should insist on the‘second-round’contract land as main form,with moderate readjustment,and flexible equity confirmation.The right of land contractual management changes should take the rational regression to the registration effect model,so as to provide the necessary foundation for perfecting the disposition of mortgage and circulation of land contractual management rights.The law should clarify the difference between the contract time length and the‘permanent’length,and in the‘permanent’policy,the stability of land contract management policy and the complete and guaranteed land contractual management rights for collective members,and the definite timelength of land contractual management rights should be all clearly confirmed.