农产品质量安全问题的项目治理——以华南S市“无公害水产品生产项目”为例

Project Governance of the Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products: A Sociological Study on the ‘Pollution-Free Aquatic Products Production Project'in S City of South China

20世纪末以来,中国的食品安全问题频发,项目治理逐渐成为地方政府应对农产品质量安全问题的主要策略。本文通过对华南S市无公害水产品生产项目的社会学分析发现,项目治理将政府监管与企业自律、农产品质量安全与企业发展、生产过程监管与生态环境修复等要素镶嵌在政府主导的食品安全治理脉络之中,为农产品质量安全的改善提供了新的契机。在项目治理过程中,一方面,地方政府通过对项目申请、建设、检查、验收等一系列环节的管理和控制,有效实现了对企业的监管;另一方面,项目治理过程中市场准入制度的引入保障并完善了市场机制的发挥,有利于促进企业自律。在农产品质量安全问题仍然严峻的背景下,项目治理应该更多地发挥市场秩序的塑造功能,通过一定的制度供给,建立起农产品质量安全问题治理的长效机制。

Since the end of the 20 th century,China’s food safety problemshave frequently occurred.P roject governance has gradually become the main strategy of the local governments to deal with the food safety problems.Through the sociological analysis of the pollution-free aquatic products production project in S City of South China,the thesis finds that project governance inserts the government supervision and enterprise self-discipline,the quality and safety of agricultural products and enterprise development,the production process supervision and ecological environment restoration into the government-led food safety governance context,thus providing a new opportunity for the improvement of agricultural product quality and safety.In the process of project governance,through the management and control of a series of links,such as project application,construction,inspection and acceptance,the local government has effectively realized the supervision of the enterprise on the one hand;on the other hand,the introduction of market access system in the process of project management has ensured and improved the market mechanism,which is conducive to promoting enterprise self-discipline.In the grim situation of problems concerning the quality and safety of agricultural products,project governance should be more effective in forming market order and establishing a system to establish a long-term agricultural product quality safety mechanism.