疫苗递送技术的研究进展

The Progress in the Study of Vaccine Delivery Technology

迄今为止疫苗在人类和动物传染性疾病的控制和预防中依然发挥着其他药物种类难以企及的重要作用。疫苗设计成功的基础在于有效地递送抗原物质以诱发强有力的保护性免疫反应,而疫苗递送载体的合理应用可以加强、改善、甚至改变抗原物质所诱发的免疫应答过程,从而带来优化疫苗接种效果,简化免疫接种程序等有益效果。目前研发中常用的疫苗递送载体可以分为生物载体(如病毒与细菌)与化学载体(如微针与脂质体)两类,在不同递送系统使用方面的重要考虑是有效地利用载体的装载能力和相应特性来达到理想的免疫效果。目前疫苗递送技术的快速进展为现代疫苗的发展提供了有力的技术支撑。

Vaccines remain a cornerstone for the control and prevention of infectious disease in both humans and animals so far. Fundamental to the success of vaccination is the efficient delivery of antigenic cargo needed to elicit robust and proactive levels of immune response. The delivery vector can accentuate, improve, even alter the process of immune response. Such a capability would then offer the potential to optimize vaccination outcomes. The reasonable application of the delivery carrier also can improve the prevention efficiency, simplify the immunization program and so on. Vaccine delivery systems currently used in R ＆ D can generally be categorized into biological （e. g. viral or bacterial） and chemical vectors （e. g. microneedle or liposome）. An important consideration in adopting delivery technology is effectively using the capabilities and features of the chosen vector to achieve an ideal effect of vaccination. Now the rapid progress of vaccine delivery technology provides a powerful technical support for the development of modern vaccines.