晚清时期的外人办学与教育主权

Foreign Educational Institutions in China and Chinese Education Sovereignty in Late Qing Dynasty

晚清政府对待外国人在华办学的基本态度是"无庸立案,不给奖励。"学界对此政策主要有四种解读:或强调列强无视中国教育主权,或猜测清政府为了维护教育主权,或认为清政府不知教育主权可贵,或批评清政府出卖教育主权。其实外国人在中国内地办学,大都愿意承认中国教育主权;而列强在其势力范围内办学,则往往干涉、侵犯中国教育主权。晚清时期民间与官方均对国家教育主权有清醒的认识,且采取相应措施来维护。民间主要通过翻译评论国外有关教育主权的文章、报道外国对于中国教育主权的侵害、成立相应的机构来维护。官方则针对外人办学的具体情况分别采取限权、收权、留权等方式来维护。

In Late Qing Dynasty, there was no need to register in Chinese government for foreign educational institutions in China, and Chinese government gave no ranks to the students of foreign educational institutions. There were four comments on the policy： first, foreign countries disregarded Chinese education sovereignty; second, Chinese government safeguarded Chinese education sovereignty; third, Chinese government didn＇t know the im- portance of education sovereignty; the last but not the least, Chinese government betrayed Chinese education sovereignty. In fact, many foreign educational institutions in China's Mainland recognized Chinese education sovereignty. But Lots of foreign educational institutions in the foreign sphere of influence in China infringed Chinese education sovereignty. Both Chi- nese government and the public realized the importance of education sovereignty. The public translated articles, reported news of education sovereignty and founded institutions to safe-guard Chinese education sovereignty. The government limited foreign educational institutions , took back or reserved Chinese educational sovereignty.