基于协同理论的旅游综合体演化过程与机制研究——以杭州西溪国家湿地公园为例

Evolution Process and Mechanism of Tourism Complex based on Synergy Theory:A Case Study of Hangzhou Xixi National Wetland Park

选取杭州西溪国家湿地公园作为案例地,引用协同理论为指导,探讨了旅游综合体的演化过程与机制,认为西溪国家湿地公园是由多要素组成的协同系统,经历了旅游产业要素"集聚-共生-融合"的演化过程,萌芽、成长和完善3个阶段集聚的分别是传统旅游业态要素、新兴旅游业态要素和创新旅游业态要素。演化本质是协同系统序参量的变化,不同演化阶段序参量各异,萌芽阶段体现为要素集聚,受外部经济效益驱动;成长阶段体现为要素共生,受内部要素结构调整驱动;完善阶段体现为要素融合,受创新驱动。演化动力是要素间的非线性作用,通过系统内部与外部的能量交换及子系统间相互作用所形成的反馈机制来实现。选取房价作为指标,采用均质与非均质空间比较法测定了西溪国家湿地公园的空间溢出效应。旅游业与相关产业协同创新是西溪国家湿地公园发展模式的主要特征,具体表现为以优良的资源禀赋和广阔的市场为基础,以旅游业为核心,吸引相关产业要素集聚,形成共生和融合效应,发展过程中注重外部物质能量交换和内部自组织调控。

Taking Xixi National Wetland Park as a case,and referencing the synergy theory as a guide to explore the mechanisms of tourism complex formation and evolution.Result shows that Xixi National Wetland Park is composed of cooperative system with multiple elements,and it has experienced the ＂clustering-symbiotic-merging＂ evolution process,which can be divided into embryonic stage,growth stage and perfect stage.These three stages of gathering are traditional tourism business pattern elements,emerging tourism business pattern elements and innovative tourism business pattern elements.The nature of the evolution is the cooperative system order parameter changes,and different evolutionary stages have different order parameters.Embryonic stage embodied elements gathering,driven by external economic.Growth stage embodied elements symbiosis,driven by internal elements restructuring.Perfect stage embodied elements integration,driven by innovation.The power of evolution is the nonlinear interaction between the elements,achieved by the feedback mechanism which formed by the systems＇ internal and external energy exchange and interaction between subsystems.Selecting the house price as an indicator,we use the homogeneous and heterogeneous spatial comparison,to measure the spatial spillover effects of the Xixi National Wetland Park.The spatial spillover effects mainly come from the space radiation generated by the tourism elements of agglomeration,which is spatial heterogeneity essentially.The collaborative innovation of tourism and related industries are the main features of Xixi National Wetland Park development model,which is based on the excellent natural resources and broad market,with tourism as the core to attract related industries elements gathering,then forms the symbiotic and integration effect.Also the external energy exchange and internal self-regulatory organization are focused during the development process.