城市贫困群体主观生活质量研究——以西安市典型社区为例

Urban Poverty Groups' Subjective Life Quality:A Case Study on Xi'an Typical Community

基于调查问卷和半结构式访谈的数据,以西安市典型社区贫困群体的主观生活质量为研究对象,分别采用语义差别法研究生活环境感知、熵权TOPSIS法测算主观满意度、关联网络法分析生活感受特征。结果表明:1贫困群体对生活环境感知存在局限性,感知能力较差,大多数人群感知结果偏向于正,形成主观感知与客观事实存在偏差的特征。2贫困群体对生活质量感知较为敏感。就生活质量主观满意度而言,贫困群体主观满意度不高,离各指标的最优状态还相差甚远。4个典型地区贫困人群的主观满意度同处于中等偏低水平。就生活质量感受特征而言,贫困群体对其生活状况的感受整体上是消极的和负面的,生活的不满主要与工作状况、薪资水平密切相关,生活的满意感主要与邻里关系及交通条件等有关。3不同类型社区贫困群体感知差异显著,形成原因与典型社区的规划建设背景、所处地理位置、现有功能定位等因素有关。

Improving life quality of poverty-stricken people will not only relaxing the classes tension but also promoting social harmony.Urban poverty is a worldwide outstanding issue,since the 1990 s,the transformation of China＇s social and economic had begun,along with the adjustment of economic structure,the reform of state-owned enterprises,the change of employment system,the loosening of household management,a large number of new urban poor has emerged in China.Xi＇an is the most economically developed city in Northwest China.After entering the social and economic transition,a large number of laid-off workers,rural and urban population,serving low-income and unemployed person have been formed to expand the scale of the urban poor,urban poverty is getting worse.This article select four typical areas of new urban poverty and new urban poor groups for the study.They are the degradation of the state-owned industrial area（Street Office Fangzhicheng）,marginalized inner-city areas（Street Office Jiefangmen）,migrants inhabited villages（Street Office Yuhuazhai）,and ruins of protected areas（Street Office Liucunpu）.The four different typical poor districts represent the four different poverty genetics.After in-depth interviews with the research community,we make analysis for the urban poor based on the quality of life.Methods of semantic differential,association network and TOPSIS are separately used to analyze self-awareness of living conditions,life experience and life satisfaction.At last the author analyzes the main cause of the difference of the subjective quality of life.The main conclusions are as follow： The author have done a lot of research in the new situation of poverty in Xi＇an City with questionnaire and interview and analyzed subjective life quality of the typical poverty-stricken area of Xi＇an City by using Semantic Differential,TOPSIS and Association Network in this article.The result has shown that： 1） The poverty-stricken people tend to have limitations and a bad perceived ability.Study found that many of the poverty-stricken people have low cognitive ability for their own poor living conditions,and it shows that objective facts do not conform to subjective perception.There exists deviation between subjective perception and objective facts.2） The poverty-stricken people are sensitive to life quality.The overall life contentment of the poverty-stricken people is not high and still far from the optimal state.The subjective satisfaction of poverty-stricken people in the typical community is at the medium to low level.And the perception of the poverty-stricken people is weak and tend to be negative.The poor are mainly dissatisfied with the working conditions and salary levels.And satisfaction is mainly closed to relationship with neighbors,traffic conditions and other factors.3） The people in different typical community have different perception.Poverty-stricken people＇s subjective satisfaction is mostly related to the background of community planning and implementation,geographical location and function orientation.