青藏高原地区犬棘球绦虫感染的流行病学特征

Epidemiological characteristics of canine Echinococcus infection in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China

青藏高原地区是世界上已知的两型棘球蚴病的高流行区,但其犬细粒棘球绦虫的感染率却与世界其他高流行区无明显区别,大部分地区的感染率低于40%。调查资料显示,与其他流行区犬多房棘球绦虫感染呈零星的点状分布特征不同,位于青藏高原的四川省甘孜州和青海省的犬多房棘球感染普遍存在,且感染率较高。甘孜州的犬棘球绦虫总感染率在1983-2009年基本保持稳定,青海省的棘球绦虫属总感染率2000-2014年间变化也不大。2006年以来,我国棘球蚴病流行区启动了一系列综合防治措施,取得了一定成效。2009-2013年,四川省棘球蚴病流行区犬棘球绦虫感染率分别为28.10%、15.87%、19.22%、3.28%和1.11%,甘肃省甘南州、青海省部分区域的犬棘球绦虫感染率也出现了下降。本文对青藏高原地区的犬棘球蚴感染规律和特征进行了文献回顾与分析,以期为棘球蚴病的防控提供可借鉴的信息。

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is known as one of the highest endemic areas of echinococcosis. However,the dog in-fection rates of Echinococcus granulosus in the plateau regions were similar to other non-Tibetan areas with the high endemic, and most of the rates were below 40%. The infected dogs with E. multilocularis were ubiquitous in Ganzi Prefecture of Sichuan Province and Qinghai Province where many survey data were done and available,which was much different from those in non-Ti-betan areas where the geographical distribution of dogs infected with E. multilocularis was sporadic. The total infection rates of Echinococcus in dogs kept stable from 1983 to 2009 in Ganzi Prefecture of Sichuan Province and did not show much variation from 2000 to 2014 in Qinghai Province as well. Since 2006,the national comprehensive prevention and control strategy and mea-sures against echinococcosis have been launched in China,and significant progress has been made. In the endemic Tibetan area of Sichuan,the general Echinococcus infection rates in dogs were 28.10%,15.87%,19.22%,3.28%and 1.11%from 2009 to 2013,respectively,and the Echinococcus coproantigen-positive rate in Gannan Prefecture of Gansu Province and parts of Qing-hai Province also decreased. This paper reviews the literature on the characteristics of dog infections in the Qinghai-Tibetan Pla-teau,so as to provide useful information to support echinococcosis control and prevention there.