空间站舱内多身体朝向的定向任务绩效差异仿真试验研究

Simulated Research on Performance Differences in Intra-vehicular Orientation Tasks under Multiple Body-orientation Conditions

目的探究三维空间中定向任务的特点,探讨在不同身体朝向条件下完成空间站模拟失重视觉环境中定向任务绩效间的差异。方法选取16名男性志愿者参加舱内定向测试任务,对不同身体朝向下的舱内定向任务绩效指标进行差异性检验;同时测量志愿者的空间能力,对空间能力绩效指标与舱内定向任务绩效指标进行相关性分析。结果不同身体朝向下的定向任务完成绩效间具有显著性差异,身体朝向相对于典型朝向偏差越大时完成定向任务的反应时越长;个体空间能力与舱内定向任务绩效之间具有显著的相关性。结论三维空间定向任务中存在"朝向依赖"效应,飞行前进行多朝向的定向训练对航天员在轨高效完成定向任务是必要的;个体空间能力可能在多朝向的舱内定向任务中发挥着重要作用。

Objective To explore the characteristics of orientation task in three-dimensional space and discuss the differences in the performance of orientation tasks inside simulated visual weightless environment under va- rious orientations. Methods Sixteen male subjects were selected to participate in the intra-vehicular orientation tasks, and the differences in the performance of intra-vehicular orientation tasks under various body-orientation conditions were tested. In addition, the spatial ability of these subjects was also tested and correlation between the performance of the subjects in spatial ability tests and their performance in intra-vehicular orientation tasks were evaluated. Results The performance under different body-orientation conditions varied significantly, and with the body-orientation deviating more from the prototypieal orientation, more reaction time was needed for the orientation task. The spatial ability test performances were correlated significantly with the performance in intra-vehicular orientation tasks. Conclusion ＂Orientation dependence＂ effect existed in the three-dimensional orientation tasks, and it is essential to provide multi body-orientation preflight training for astronauts to com- plete the orientation task on-orbit effectively and the individual spatial ability may play an important role in in- tra-vehicular orientation tasks.