江南地区古典园林冬季微气候改善策略——以南京瞻园为例

Strategy of Improving the Micro-climate of the Classical Gardens in Jiangnan Area——A Case of Zhan Garden in Nanjing

为探究江南地区古典园林内不同类型空间对冬季微气候的改善效果,以南京瞻园为研究对象,按封闭性在瞻园内选取典型的3类空间(开敞性、半开敞性、封闭性),共设置10个测点,在2016年1月19、20、21日连续3 d对瞻园内微气候进行了空气温度、相对湿度、风速等微气候因子的现场实测,以总结江南地区私家造园在冬季对微气候环境改善的具体理法。结果表明:园林中的水体对微气候的优化效果最为明显,植物配置对微气候的优化主要体现在风速及湿度上。通过分析冬季瞻园各空间内的实测数据,提出对山石、水体、植物、建筑布局的优化策略,以提高室外活动空间的舒适性。

In order to explore the effect of different types of space in the classical gardens in Jiangnan area, Zhan Garden in Nanjing was taken as the research object. Three kinds of typical space were selected according to the closeness （open space, semi open space, closed space） , and a total of ten points were set up： They conducted a comprehensive test of temperature, relative humidity and windspeed at 19 -21 January 2016, to summarize the concrete methods of improving micro-climate environment in the Jiangnan private garden in winter. The results showed that the most obvious improvement to the microclimate is the water in the garden. The optimization of plant configuration on microclimate is mainly reflected in wind speed and humidity. In order to improve the comfort of outdoor space, the optimization strategies on the rocks, water, plants and the layout of the building were proposed, through the analysis of the measured data in each space in Zhan Garden in winter.