大连地区雷暴大风探空资料和雷达回波特征分析

Analysis on the Characteristics of Sounding Data and Radar Echo of Thunderstorm Gale in Dalian Area

利用加密自动站、探空、天气雷达等资料对2011—2016年5—9月大连地区的16个雷暴大风过程进行研究,分析了雷暴大风发生前的探空特征、雷达回波演变特征以及雷达产品识别指标。结果表明,按照雷达回波形态演变,将雷暴大风划分为低层径向速度大值区、单体型和弓状型3种类型,影响大连地区最多的是低层径向速度大值区型雷暴大风。探空资料方面,单体型和弓状型雷暴大风发生前均显示一定程度的层结不稳定和中等强度对流有效位能,尤其是低层充沛的水汽条件;单体型和弓状型大风均产生在中等强度垂直风切变条件下。3种类型大风的雷达产品特征有一定差异。对单体型雷暴大风的预警难度较大,对弓状型雷暴大风可以做到提前1 h以内的预警。

Using the data of encrypted automatic station, sounding, weather radar and so on, 16 thunderstorm gales were studied in Dalian area from May to September during 2011 -2016. The characteristics of sounding, radar echo evolution and radar product identification index were analyzed before thunderstorm gale. The results showed that the thunderstorm gales were divided into three types： the low-elevation radial velocity high value region, the haplotype and the areuate type according to the radar echo evolution. The low-level radial velocity high value re- gion type was most frequently observed in Dalian area. In the case of sounding data, both the haplotype and arcuate thunderstorm gale showed a certain degree stratified instability and moderate intensity convective potential energy, especially the abundant water vapor conditions in the lower layer. The haplotype and areuate gale were produced under moderate-intensity vertical wind shear conditions. There were some differ- ences in the characteristics of the radar products of the three types of winds. The warning of haplotype thunderstorm gale was more difficult ,the arcuate thunderstorm gale could be done within one hour ahead of the warning.