施肥方式与深度对毛竹林磷利用的影响研究

Study on Effects of Fertilization Methods and Depth on Phosphorus Utilization in Phyllostachys Heterocycla

指出了毛竹是我国栽植面积最大的竹种,具有良好的经济价值和生态价值,广泛分布在我国南方地区,但南方丘陵山区土壤普遍缺磷且磷肥施用当季利用效率很低。在安徽黄山区黄山公益林场对15块林地进行了施磷肥的田间试验,研究了不同施肥深度及施肥方式对毛竹磷素的利用、土壤残留及损失的影响。结果表明:毛竹磷利用率随时间增加而增大,三个不同生理期磷素利用差异显著(P<0.05),且穴施处理下毛竹的磷素利用率高于沟施,T1(0~20cm穴施)和T3(20~40cm穴施)的磷利用率分别达15.36%和15.68%。磷在土壤中的残留随时间增加而降低,损失率随时间推移而增大,且T3(20~40cm穴施)磷素残留率最高、磷素损失率最低,分别为77.20%和5.49%。因此建议毛竹磷素施用方式为穴施,施肥深度为20~40cm,这样有助于减少磷的损失、增加土壤磷素残留,提高磷素的利用效率。

Phyllostachys Heterocycla with the largest planting area in China has good economic value and ecological value. It is widely distributed in South China. However, there is a general lack of phosphorus in the hilly area of South China and the application efficiency of P fertilizer is very low. The effects of different fertilization depth and fertilization on phosphorus utilization, soil residue and loss of Phyllostachys pubescens were studied in 15 field forests of Huangshan Public Welfare Forest Farm in Huangshan District, Anhui Province. The results showed that P. edulis utilization ratio of phosphorus increase with the increase of time. There are significant differences in phosphorus utili- zation at three different physiological stages. Phosphorus utilization rate of hole fertilizer is higher than that of fur- row. P ratio of T1 （0-20cm, hole fertilization） and T3 （20-40cm, hole fertilization） reached 15. 36% and 15.68% respectively. The residual of P in soil decreased with the increase of time, and the loss rate increased with the passage of time. Moreover, T3 （20-40cm, hole fertilization） has the highest phosphorus residue rate and the lowest phos- phorus loss rate are respectively 77.20% and 5. 49%. Therefore, it is suggested that P. edulis phosphorus applica- tion method for hole fertilization, fertilization depth should be 20-40cm, which helps to reduce phosphorus loss and increase soil phosphorus residue, improving phosphorus utilization efficiency.