低维碳和氮化硼材料的物理力学研究进展

Research Progress in Physical Mechanics of Low-dimensional Carbon and Boron Nitride Materials

碳纳米管、石墨烯和六方氮化硼等低维材料具有优异的力学和电学性质,已经引起广泛的科学兴趣.然而由电荷、分子轨道、电子结构和自旋态构成的低维材料的局域场与力学变形、机械运动和物理化学环境等外场间往往存在强烈耦合,这导致低维材料会呈现出新颖独特的物理力学性能.论文对近年来碳纳米管、石墨烯和六方氮化硼等低维材料的力学性能、力电耦合与器件原理、表面和界面结构性能调控、层间相互作用、能量耗散和摩擦等物理力学方面的研究进展进行了简要综述,并讨论了利用低维材料多场耦合特性和结构性能关联发展新型功能器件的方法和途径,以及纳米力学和纳尺度物理力学的前沿和发展趋势.

Low-dimensional materials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene and hexagonal boron nitride （h-BN） have attracted extensive scientific interest and attention, and become a hot research field for their unique and exceptional mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. The local fields of low-dimensional materials that consist of charges, molecular orbitals, electronic structures and spin states are usually cou- pled with external mechanical deformation and movement, as well as physical and chemical environment, which could lead to novel characteristics and behaviors significantly different from those of the correspond- ing bulk states. Here we make a brief review on recent progress of mechanical behaviors, mechanical-elec- tric coupling and device mechanisms, tuning structures and properties of surfaces and interfaces, interlayer interactions, energy dissipation and friction of carbon nanotubes, graphene and h BN materials, and also discuss the possibilities and feasible routes to develop novel functional devices by utilizing the multi-field coupling and structure-properties correlation of low-dimensional materials, and the advances and develop- ment trends of nano mechanics and physical mechanics.