仙道文化的革新与升华——论金元诗词的内丹心性学说

The Innovation and Sublimation of Tao Culture: On the Inner Mind Theory of Jinyuan's Poems

随着道教的发展,传统外丹道术的炼丹耗资大、金丹毒深致命等问题逐渐为世人所注视,并突显成为道教长足发展的一大阻碍。金元全真教一改传统道教"假借外物以自坚固"的外丹修道观念,倡导内丹炼养,以"先性后命"为修行理路,与内丹南宗相并立,并把内丹理论归结为"识心见性"的心性仙学,大大提升了中国仙道文化的哲理内涵。全真内丹心性修炼把道教从外丹修行的困境中解脱出来,并为道教的发展指明了新的方向。和传统外丹术相比,全真内丹心性修炼在理论上更加趋于精微,在实证上更加便捷,且具有诸多世俗效用,因而具有广泛的普适性。全真教的这一内丹倡导与心性仙学在金元全真诗词中有着清晰的展现,因而成为全真诗词的一大宗教文化主题。

With the development of Taoism, the traditional alchemy of alchemy is costly, and the problems such as the death of Jindan poisoning are gradually watched and become a major obstacle to the development of Taoism. Jin Yuan Quanzhen to changed the traditional Taoism ' uses foreign objects to strong themselves' concept of alien monasticism, advocacy of inner alchemy to 'pre-life' for the practice of rationale, and the inner Danidian phase, and the inner alchemy theory Attributed to the 'knowing character from the heart' of the immortal immortal, greatly enhance the philosophical connotation of China's immortal culture. The practice of Taoism is free from the dilemma of Taoism, and it points out a new direction for the development of Taoism. Compared withthe traditional rhyme, the practice of the whole heart is more subtle in theory, more convenient in the empirical, and has many secular effects, and thus has a wide range of universality. All the teachings of the inner education and the immortal immortalism in the Jin and Yuan dynasty poems have a clear show, and thus become a true religious poetry theme.