中国传统武术身心伦理的文化形成

Study on the Cultural Formation of Chinese Traditional Wushu Ethic of Body and Mind

传统武术身心伦理主要包含心专身恒(专心致志、恒以出功)、体悟互成(练以累积、悟以升阶)、形质神用(形神不二、以神御形)、阴阳相济(阴阳互根、亦一亦二)、身心和合(六合为法、和谐为鹄)等内容。从形成缘由来看,中国注重内倾的文化特色,引导了传统武术身心伦理的发展方向;武学境界不断提升的内在诉求,推动着习武者对身心伦理的深入参究;武术训练养生旨趣的日益强化,促进了习武者对身心伦理的不断探索;中国人个体性自我意识的觉醒,支撑着习武者对身心伦理的持续追求。从历史影响来看,传统武术身心伦理助推习武者走向慎独的道德境界,也孕育产生了迂腐保守的观念;提供了"深层自我"的表达路径,也滋生了自我专制主义的倾向;造就了传统武术极强的超越意识,也形成了一些过于玄虚的思想;强化了习武者以和为贵的伦理观,也助长了圆熟含混的处事态度;增进了习武者不假外求的自足感,也妨碍了武术认知理性的发展。

Traditional Wushu ethic between body and mind mainly contains the concentration and perseverance （to promote skills）, combination of practice and enlightenment （praCtice to accumulate, enlightenment to rise）, cooperation of body and spirit （spirit controls the body and the two co- operate）, mutual complementation of Yin and Yang （reciprocal causation of Yin and Yang, being one and two）, the physical and mental harmony （Liuhe to be the method, harmony to be the goal）, etc. From the point of formation reason, Chinese tradition paid attention to the culture characteristics of introversion, which led the development direction of the traditional Wushu ethic between body and mind; the internal demand of continuously improving Wushu realm drive players to deeply explore in the ethic of body and mind; the intensifying of the interest in training and regimen of Wushu pro- moted the players to constantly explore the ethic of body and mind; the awakening of Chinese individual self-consciousness, supported the players to continue to pursue the ethic of body and mind. From the point of historical influence, traditional Wushu ethic of body and mind impulsed for players to achieve the moral realm of self-discipline, but also produced a pedantic conservative thought; it provided the path of＂deep self＂ expression, but also bred ego authoritarian tendencies; it created the extremely strong conscious senses of transcendence of traditional Wushu, but also formed some too fantastic thoughts; it strengthened the players harmony ethics, but also added to the mellowest ambiguous attitude; it improved players＇ self-sufficiency, but also hindered the development of cognitive rationality about Wushu.