宁波市流动儿童溺水干预知信行效果评价

Effect evaluation of knowledge, attitude and practice on floating children's drowning intervention model in Ningbo city

目的探索流动儿童溺水预防的干预模式及其效果,为有效干预儿童溺水途径提供依据。方法选择宁波市2个区的外来民工子弟学校一~九年级学生,干预组实施基于健康促进生态学模型的健康教育为主,配合社会动员和环境改善溺水综合干预策略,对照组采用常规的健康教育;对流动儿童开展2年期的溺水综合干预,并对干预效果进行评价。结果干预组和对照组学生干预后溺水知识总知晓率和正确信念的持有率均较干预前有明显提升(P值均<0.01),但是干预组提升的幅度均高于对照组。终期干预组学生溺水高危行为发生率(7.3%)低于干预前(11.4%)(χ~2=39.29,P<0.01),而对照组学生干预后溺水高危行为发生率(7.7%)与干预前(8.4%)差异无统计学意义。干预组学生干预后非致死性溺水发生率(4.8%)较干预前(13.1%)有明显地下降(χ~2=29.27,P<0.01);而对照组干预后溺水率(7.7%)与干预前(8.1%)差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.35,P=0.56)。结论基于生态学模型的溺水综合干预模式对预防流动儿童溺水取得了一定效果,可为流动儿童溺水干预提供参考。

Objective To explore the intervention model of drowning prevention for the floating children and to provide scientific basis for the preventive measures. Methods The children of migrant workers from 1st to 9th grade in the two urban districts were selected as the experimental group and control group respectively. In the experimental group, the health education based on health-promoting ecological model was provided. Meanwhile, integrated preventive strategies about social mobilization and environmental improvement were carried out, while the normal health education was implemented in the control group. After two-year comprehensive intervention of drowning floating children, the effect of knowledge, attitude and practice was evaluated. Results After the intervention, the drowning-related awareness rate and the rate of having correct concepts in the experimental and control groups were all increased significantly compared with those before the intervention（ P〈0.01）, but the improvement was much higher in experimental group than in the control one. The incidence rate of drowning-related high-risk behavior in the experiment group after the intervention（ 7.3%） was obviously lower than that before the intervention（ 11.4%）（ P〈0.01）, while there was no significant difference in the control group before and after the intervention（ 8.4% 7.7%）. The morbidity of non-fatal drowning in the experiment group after the intervention was 4.8%, lower than that before the intervention（ 13.1%）（ P〈0.01）, while there was no significant statistical difference in the control group before and after the intervention（ 8. 1% 7. 7%）. Conclusion The modal of intervening drowing comprehensively based on ecological approach made some effects, which can be further taken as a reference for preventing the floating children from drowning.