北京市小学生进食行为与超重肥胖的关系

Association of eating behaviors with overweight/obesity among pupils

目的分析北京市三~五年级小学生进食行为与超重肥胖的关系,为儿童超重肥胖预防和控制提供依据。方法采取整群抽样的方法,选取北京市某城区12所小学三~五年级的学生1 788名,测量身高、体重,计算身体质量指数(BMI),通过问卷调查了解学生的进食行为、膳食摄入频率、身体活动情况,分析进食行为与超重肥胖之间的关系。结果男生的超重肥胖率为47.8%,女生为25.6%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=94.54,P<0.01);男生在家吃饭时用碗大小和进食速度分布与女生的差异均有统计学意义(χ~2值分别为6.75,57.33,P值均<0.01)。在Logistic回归模型中,控制年龄、性别、膳食评分、身体活动能量消耗值因素后,在家吃饭时用碗比大人小、吃饭速度比同班同性别的同学快是儿童超重肥胖的危险因素(OR值分别为1.55,2.50,95%CI=1.14~2.11,1.51~4.16)。结论小学生的用碗大小和吃饭速度快慢可能与超重肥胖有关。为预防和控制儿童超重肥胖,应提倡小学生和家长使用一样大小的碗,并减慢进食速度。

Objective To explore the association of eating behaviors with overweight/obesity among children, and to provide evidence for family-school based child obesity prevention and control. Methods By using cluster random sampling strategy,1 788 children in grade 3 to 5 were selected from 12 primary schools in urban area of Beijing. The height and weight were measured.The information regarding bowl size used at home and eating speed was collected through questionnaire survey, as well as eating behaviors. The association of bowl size and eating speed with overweight/obesity in children was analyzed through unavailable analysis and multivariable logistic regression. Results The prevalence of overweight/obesity was higher in boys than in girls（ 47. 8% vs25.6%, χ^2= 94.54,P〈0.001） and there existed statistically significant differences in prevalence of overweight/obesity among different sizes of bowls at home（ χ^2= 6.75, P = 0.009） and between eating speed groups（ χ^2= 57.33, P 0.01）. After adjustment for the effects of other factors on childhood overweight/obesity, multivariate logistic regression showed that using bowls smaller than that of adults（ OR = 1.55,95%CI = 1.14 - 2.11,P = 0.005） and eating faster than same age and same gender classmates（ OR = 2.50,95%CI =1.51 - 4.16,P〈0.01） were risk factors for overweight/obesity in children. Conclusion The relative size of bowls used at home and eating speed are associated with overweight/obesity in children. Appropriate size of bowls for meal and no fast eating should be considered in formulating possible interventions to prevent childhood overweight/obesity.