广州市10～12岁儿童口腔健康相关行为现状

A survey of oral health related behavior among 10-12-year-old children in Guangzhou City

目的了解广州市儿童六龄齿免费窝沟封闭项目开展2~3年后10~12岁儿童口腔健康行为状况,为制定口腔健康工作重点提供信息支持。方法于2014年9月采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法,抽取广州市12个区(县级市)149所小学19 071名五、六年级学生进行口腔健康行为问卷调查。结果 60.3%的儿童每天刷牙2次及以上;33.2%的儿童报告听说过含氟牙膏,其中目前使用含氟牙膏者占44.73%;27.11%的儿童使用过牙线;71.50%的儿童接受过窝沟封闭预防龋齿治疗;30.97%的儿童过去1年内拜访过牙医。城区儿童每天刷牙2次及以上、使用牙线、接受窝沟封闭、过去1年内拜访过牙医的报告率均高于乡村儿童,乡村儿童使用含氟牙膏报告率高于城区儿童(P值均<0.01)。城乡儿童末次牙科就诊主要原因分布差异有统计学意义(χ~2=130.911,P<0.01),城区儿童因定期牙科检查及预防性措施到牙科就诊的比例高于乡村儿童。仅有7.66%的儿童选择请牙科医生治疗应对牙龈(牙床)出血;采取不理会态度应对牙疼,认为挺一挺就过去了的儿童占42.13%。结论在继续大力推动窝沟封闭预防龋齿治疗措施的同时,应加大氟化物防龋的宣传力度,加强学生、学生家长及教师的口腔保健知识宣传,工作重点应放在农村地区。

Objective To understand oral health behavior among 10-12 years old children in Guangzhou City, and to give references for corresponding health care projects. Methods Participants were selected by stratified random sampling method. Self- administered questionnaires were implemented among 19 071 pupils aged 10-12 years from 149 schools in September 2014. Results About 60.3% children brushed teeth twice or more per day, 33.2% reported had heard about fluoride toothpaste, and 44.73% reported having used. Nearly 27.11% of students had used dental floss, 71.50% had received pit and fissure sealant to prevent dental caries. Only 30.97% of children visited dentists during the past year. Children from urban area reported higher rates of teeth-brushing twice per day, dental floss usage, pit and fissure sealant filling, and visiting dentists than children from rural area （P〈0.01）. Children from rural area reported higher rate of fluoride toothpaste used than children from urban area （ P〈0.01）. The distribution of reasons for visiting dentists were different between urban area and rural area （χ^2= 130.911, P〈0.01）. More urban area children vis- ited dentists for regular dental examinations and preventive measures than rural area children with 7.66% visited dentist to treat bleeding gums. And 42.13% reported having ignored toothache. Conclusion In addition to vigorously promote the fissure caries prevention treatment, propaganda of fluoride should be strengthened. More attention should be paid to oral health education among children, parents and school staff, with especial focus on rural area students.