宁波市中学生注意缺陷多动障碍及相关焦虑情绪调查

Investigation on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and related anxiety among middle school students

目的了解宁波市中学生注意缺陷多动症状与焦虑情绪发生状况及两者相关性,为有效促进儿童青少年心理健康工作提供依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样法,对宁波市4所中学的2 218名学生采用自编一般情况问卷、焦虑自评问卷(SAS)和中文版注意缺陷多动障碍SNAP-IV评定量表(父母版)18项进行问卷调查。结果中学生焦虑情绪阳性率为14.8%,其中轻度焦虑率为11.1%,中度焦虑率为2.7%,重度焦虑率为1.1%;注意力缺陷多动症状阳性率为5.7%,注意缺陷症状阳性率为4.4%,多动/冲动症状阳性率为1.4%。注意缺陷症状阳性组中,轻、中、重度焦虑的比例分别为24.7%(24/97),8.2%(8/97),3.1%(3/97);多动冲动症状阳性组中轻、中、重度焦虑的比例分别为20.0%(6/30),10.0%(3/30),33.3%(1/30)。注意缺陷症状与焦虑的严重程度呈正相关(r=0.13,P<0.01),多动冲动症状与焦虑的严重程度呈正相关(r=0.06,P<0.05)。结论注意缺陷多动症状高评分学生有较高的焦虑情绪阳性率,对焦虑情绪的干预应作为注意缺陷多动症状的治疗维度之一。

Objective To investigate the occurrence and correlationof attention deficit hyperactivity disorder（ADHD） and anxiety symptoms for middle school students in Ningbo, and to provide references for effectively promoting the psychological educa- tion among children and adolescents. Methods The stratified random cluster sampling method was used to extract 2 274 students from 4 middle schools in Ningbo city. The self compiled questionaire, the SNAP-IV rating scale and the self-rating anxiety Scale （SAS） were used to investigate. Results A total of 2 218 valid questionnaires were collected. The positive rate of anxiety was 14.8%, of which 11.1% were mild, 2.7% were moderate and 1.1% were severe, the positive rate of attention deficit hyperactivity was 5.7%, the positive rate of attention deficit was 4.4%, the positive rate of hyperactivity / impulse was 1.4%. The light, medium and severe anxiety ratio of the attention deficit symptoms positive group were 24.7%（24/97）, 8.2%（8/97）, 3.1%（3/97）, respec- tively; and the light, medium and severe anxiety ratio of the hyperactivity symptoms positive group were 20.0%（6/30）, 10.0%（ 3/ 30）, 33.3%（1/30）, respectively; The severity of attention deficit symptoms and anxiety were positively correlated（ r= 0.129, P〈 0.01）, the severity of hyperactivity symptoms and anxiety were positively corrdated （r = 0.063, P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion The students with high score of the attention deficit hyperactivity symptoms have a high incidence of anxiety, and the attention deficit symptoms with high score have a higher incidence of anxiety, and it suggests that the intervention of anxiety should be one of the di- rections for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity symptoms.