上海市2000—2014年中小学生身体素质变化趋势

Analysis of the changing trend of physical quality of adolescents aged 7-18 in Shanghai from 2000 to 2014

目的研究上海市2000—2014年7~18岁儿童青少年身体素质状况及变化趋势,为改善学生体质健康水平提供依据。方法采用LMS法拟合上海市2000,2005,2010和2014年7~18岁儿童青少年身体素质指标的P50百分位数曲线,分析变化规律及性别差异。结果握力、50 m跑及坐位体前屈(女)指标成绩P50各年龄段均有所提高(P值均<0.05),其中男、女生握力分别平均提高3.13,3.15 kg,女生坐位体前屈平均提高0.8 cm。立定跳远、斜身引体(男)、引体向上(男)、1 min仰卧起坐(女)、50 m×8往返跑、1 000 m跑(男)、800 m跑(女)及坐位体前屈(男)指标成绩P50均有所下降(P值均<0.05),其中立定跳远男、女生分别平均下降11.0,8.59 cm,耐力跑成绩男、女生分别下降2.75,2.32 s。结论上海市儿童青少年下肢爆发力、肌肉耐力、有氧耐力出现下降趋势,需采取针对性的应对措施。

Objective To study on condition and changing tendency of the physical quality among children and adolescents aged 7-18 in Shanghai, and to provide references for improving the levels of students＇ physical fitness and health. Methods LMS method was used to fit the curve of 50 th percentile of the physical quality index of 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2014 of children and adolescents aged 7-18 in Shanghai, and the long-term trend of the physical quality of children and adolescents, including the changing rule and the gender differences, were analyzed. Results The index scores of 50 th percentile gripping, 50-meter running and anteversion on seat（girls） were improved（ P〈0.05）. The gripping power of boys and gifts were improved by 3.13 and 3.15 kg, respectively. The score of anteversion on seat was promoted by 0.8 cm on average. However, the index scores of of 50 th percentile of tanding long jump, slanting pull-up（boys）, pull-up（ boys）, 1-minute sit ups （ gifts）, 50 mx8 running, 1 000 m endurance run- ning（boys）, 800 m running （gifts） and anteversion on seat （boys） were decreased（P〈0.05）, and the scores of standing long jump of boys and girls were decreased by 11.0 and 8.59 cm, respectively, and the scores of endurance running of boys and girls were de- creased by 2.75 and 2.34 s, respectively. Conclusion The adolescents in Shanghai show downtrend in their lower limb explosive strength, muscle endurance, aerobic endurance. Therefore, it is necessary to take targeted measures.