桂林高考学生高血压现状及影响因素分析

Analysis of status and influencing factors of hypertension of students in College Entrance Examination in Guilin

目的探讨桂林汉族、壮族和瑶族青少年的血压水平、血压偏高检出率及其影响因素,为有效预防高血压的发生提供参考。方法对桂林市2015年22 356名应届高考学生进行体检,比较3个民族青少年血压水平、血压偏高检出率,并分析其影响因素。结果市区、县城及乡镇男生和女生的收缩压分别为(116.7±10.0),(114.6±11.6),(113.7±11.2)和(105.1±9.3),(106.3±11.0),(106.9±10.5)mm Hg,舒张压分别为(70.8±6.8),(71.7±8.2),(71.3±8.1)和(66.5±5.6),(68.2±7.8),(68.0±7.4)mm Hg。男生血压水平高于女生,县城学生高于市区和乡镇(P值均<0.05)。瑶族青少年血压水平较高,收缩压和舒张压均值为(110.3±12.5)和(70.6±8.6)mm Hg,血压偏高检出率为36.4%;汉族青少年血压水平较低,收缩压和舒张压均值为(109.7±11.3)和(69.2±7.9)mm Hg,血压偏高检出率为16.4%(P值均<0.05)。血压偏高的检出率为肥胖组(42.8%)>超重组(24.5%)>体重正常组(19.1%)(P<0.05)。结论桂林高考学生的血压水平和高血压的检出率与民族、生活环境、肥胖相关,高血压的预防应从儿童青少年开始,倡导健康的生活方式。

Objective To investigate blood pressure levels, the prevalence of hyper-tension andthe influencing factors of adolescents of Han, Zhuang and Yao minorities in Guilin, and to provide references for effectively preventing hypertension. Methods A total of 22 356 students who attended the college entrance examination in Gulin were required to receive physical examination, and the blood pressure levels, prevalence of hypertension and the influencing factors of the adolescents from the three ethnic group were compared. Results SBP of the boys and the girls in urban areas, suburban areas and the countryside were（ 116. 7 ±10.0）,（ 114.6± 11.6）,（ 113. 7 ± 11. 2） and（ 105. 1 ± 9. 3）,（ 106. 3 ± 11. 0）,（ 106. 9 ± 10. 5） mm Hg, respectively, and DBP were（ 70.8±6.8）,（ 71.7±8.2）,（ 71.3±8.1） and（ 66.5±5.6）,（ 68.2 ±7.8）,（ 68.0±7.4） mm Hg, respectively. The blood pressure levels of boys were higher than those of girls and the blood pressure levels of the students in suburban areas were higher than those of the students in urban areas and the countryside（ P〈0.05）. The blood pressure levels of Yao adolescents were higher and prevalence of hypertensionwas 36.4%. The mean value of SBP and DBP was（ 110.3±12.5） mm Hg and（ 70.6±8.6） mm Hg. The blood pressure levels of Han adolescent were lower and prevalence of hypertension was 16.4%（ P〈0.05）. The obese group（ 42.8%） overweight group（ 24.5%） normal weight group（ 19.1%）（ P〈0.05） were diagnosed with hypertension. Conclusion Ethnic minorities, living environment and obesity are closely related to hypertension rates. The key to prevent hypertension is controlling overweight and obesity of the teenagers.