民国时期警察与保甲之间的关系研究(1932—1945)--以成都为中心

A Study on the Relationships between the Police and the Baojia System in the Times of 1932—1945 in Republic of China--In Chengdu as the Center

保甲制度在中国有悠久的历史,辛亥革命后一度被废除。南京国民政府成立后,保甲制度首先在鄂豫皖三省恢复编练,而后开始向全国多个省份推广。1935年四川编查保甲工作正式启动后,根据相关规定,成都市的保甲编练工作由省会公安局来主持办理,而公安局的各分局所则是这次保甲编练工作的直接责任机关。因此,保甲组织实际上成了警察局下属维持社会治安、推行政务的基层组织。鉴于成都的警保体制给市政府工作带来的不便,在省政府的干预下,成都各区保甲事务于1938年1月12日正式移交市政府管理。保甲事务划归市政府直接管理后,警察局仍然有协助、指导保甲开展工作的责任。

The Baojia System had a long history in China, but was once abolished in Xinhai Revolution. After the Nanjing National Government established, this system had first been resumed in Hubei, Henan, and Anhui provinces, and later spread to many other provinces nationwide. In 1935 when Sichuan Cataloging and Baojia work officially launched, according to the relevant regulations, such work in Chengdu was in charge and hosted by the provincial Public Security Bureau, but the direct responsible institutes were the branches under this bureau. There-fore ,the Baojia organizations became the actual affiliations to the police bureau to maintain public security and im-plement governmental affairs. In view of the inconvenience brought by the police and Baojia system to the municipal work, the Baojia affairs, under the provincial intervention, in each district in Chengdou were formally handed over to municipal government to manage on January 12, 1938. Even though Baojia affairs had been placed under the di-rect management of the municipal government, the police bureau still had the responsibilities to assist and guide Baojia organizations to carry out work.