谈元素中文定名的选字原则

Principles of Selecting Chinese Characters for Chinese Names of Elements

元素需要根据国际既定的名称复定出一个中文的名称。元素的中文定名涉及的学科很多,既要遵循物理化学界对名称科学表述的习惯,又涉及中文元素名称用字的规范。在信息时代,科学术语的多语种互译是科学发展实现全球化的必要条件,是人类生存共同体合作共存的需要;因此,中文元素定名十分重要。国家语言文字工作委员会与全国科学技术名词审定委员会,根据审定会议中大多数人的意见,确定了四种新元素的中文名称,它们是:鉨(113,Nh)、镆(115,Mc)、(石田)(117,Ts)、氤(118,Og)。名称既定,需要解释,文章主要用汉字学的原理,对元素中文命名的选字原则做一些阐释,并说明定名的合理性。

It is necessary to examine and approve the Chinese names according to the international names of elements. The names of the elements should not only follow the scientific expression in physics and chemistry,but also consider the Chinese character specification of the elements names. In the information age,the multi-lingual translation of scientific terms is a necessary condition for the science development and globalization,and the need for cooperation and coexistence of human communities. Therefore,it is very important to name the elements in Chinese. According to the opinion of most people in the naming conference, State Language Commission and China National Committee for Terms in Sciences and Technologies identified Chinese names of the elements with atomic numbers Z =113, 115, 117, 118. In this paper,the principle of Chinese characters is used to explain the principles of selecting Chinese characters for Chinese names of elements, and the rationality of the naming of the four elements is explained.