湖南省春玉米土壤养分丰缺指标构建研究

Study on Soil Nutrient Rich-Lack Indexes of Spring Maize in Hunan Province

借助湖南省玉米"3414"肥料试验数据,比较红壤和水稻土养分含量差异,分别分析了红壤和水稻土两种类型土壤中各养分含量及其与对应肥料处理的产量之间的关系,将红壤和水稻土的氮磷钾含量水平分别进行分级。结果显示,除速效钾含量红壤高于水稻土外,其余养分含量两者无明显差异。土壤有效磷和速效钾含量可以与其对应的肥料空白处理的相对产量或产量成功拟合,可以进行土壤肥力分级,碱解氮则不能。借助不施氮处理相对产量与其相对应的土壤有机质含量,可间接对土壤供氮能力进行分级。土壤养分分级结果显示,红壤和水稻土的各养分含量均可分为低、较低、中等、较高和高5个等级。两种土壤对玉米氮素供应能力均处于中低水平,供磷能力均基本处于中等水平,其中水稻土稍高,供钾能力红壤处于中高水平,水稻土处于中低水平。研究结果表明,根据土壤类别进行肥力等级划分具有必要性和可行性,可为湖南省春玉米科学施肥提供有益参考。

The data of “ 3414” fertilizer test completed in Hunan province in recent years were analyzed,the fertilizer contents of red soil and paddy soil were compared,the relationship of the contents of NPK in soil and the corresponding yield of fertilizer treatments was analyzed, and classification by the contents of NPK in the 2 soil types was finished. The result showed that the fertilizer content difference between the 2 soil types was not significant, but the contents of effective potassium were significant different. The classification of available phosphorus and effective potassium were successful by data fitting content in soil and the yield or relative yield of fertilizer treatments. Supplying capacity of N can be classified by its content of organic matter indirectly. The classification result shows that all soil nutrients of the 2 soil types can be divided into 5 levels,that is,low,lower,middle,higher and high level. The nitrogen supplying capacity of the 2 soil types were at the level of middle to low, phosphorous supplying capacity of the 2 soil types were both at the level of middle, and paddy soil was better than red soil. The potassium supplying capacity of red soil ass at the level of middle to high,and that of paddy soil was middle to low. The result of this study proved necessity and feasibility of soil fertility classification based on the type of soil,and can be a beneficial reference for rational fertilization of spring maize in Hunan province.