油菜华油杂62不同生长期氨基酸组成及营养价值评价

Forage amino acid composition and nutrition of Brassica napus L. cv Huayouza 62 in different growth stages

为明确甘蓝型油菜作为饲料使用的蛋白营养价值,以FAO/WHO提出的人体必需氨基酸模式评价标准,通过氨基酸比值系数法和必需氨基酸指数,评价华油杂62不同生长期植株蛋白质的营养价值。结果表明:华油杂62越冬苗期蛋白质随生长期的延续呈逐渐下降的趋势。不同生长期油菜蛋白质氨基酸种类丰富。必需氨基酸中盛花期蛋氨酸+胱氨酸(3.36%)、苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸(10.11%)的含量和结荚初期的异亮氨酸(5.64%)、亮氨酸(9.45%)以及缬氨酸(6.73%)的含量占总氨基酸的比例高于其它生长期;盛花期和结荚初期的总必需氨基酸/总氨基酸(TEAA/TAA)(44.88%、44.36%)和总必需氨基酸/总非必需氨基酸(0.81、0.80)也高于其它生长期;通过氨基酸比值系数法和必需氨基酸指数评价,油菜盛花期及盛花期后(结荚初期、结荚后期)的必需氨基酸指数均优于其它生长期,盛花期的氨基酸比值系数分值最高达82。以肉牛、绵羊、山羊肉质中的必需氨基酸组成为参考标准,不同生长期油菜的必需氨基酸指数均大于0.95,且油菜盛花期及盛花期后(结荚初期、结荚后期)高于其它生长期,表明盛花期及盛花期后的植株可作为反刍动物的优质蛋白源。

To evaluate the protein nutrient of forage rapeseed, Brassica napus cv Huayouza 62 was studied based on FAO/WHO criteria model about essential amino acid （EAA ）. The essential amino acids for nutritional values were measured on Huayouza 62 protein at different growth periods. Results showed that rapeseed protein be-gan to decrease gradually with the growth periods, but amino acids were rich in different stages. The content of es-sential amino acid in the flowering stage were Met ＋ Cys （3. 36 % ） , Phe ＋ Tyr （10. 11% ） and lie （5. 64 % ）, Leu （9. 45% ） , Val （6. 73% ） in initial podding, which were higher than those of other growth periods of the total amino acids. In flowering and initial podding stages, ratio of total essential amino acids to total amino acids （TEAA/TAA） were 44. 88% and 44. 36 % respectively. The ratio of total essential amino acids to total non essen-tial amino acids were 0. 81 and 0. 80 respectively, which were higher than those of other periods. By the amino acid ratio coefficient method, the essential amino acid index in initial podding and podding stages were much higher than that of other periods. The score of ratio coefficient （ SRC ） of amino acid was up to 82 at the initial podding stage. According to the feed criteria for cattle, sheep and goat, all the essential amino acids index of Huayouza 62 was greater than 0.95. When combined with biological yield and forage palatability, i t could be concluded that Huayou-za 62 plants at flowering and initial podding stages could be developed as new feed for ruminant animals.