紫海胆黄基本营养成分的分析与评价

Analysis and evaluation of nutritional composition of sea urchin (Anthocidaris crassispina) gonad

为了测定紫海胆黄中的营养成分,并对其营养价值进行系统分析及合理评价,采用国家标准的生化测定方法以及美国化学分析方法(AOAC)检测海胆黄中的水分、粗灰分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、总糖、氨基酸、脂肪酸及矿物质。结果显示:海胆黄粉中水分含量(5.29±0.02)%,粗灰分(8.69±0.03)%,粗蛋白质(60.36±0.04)%,粗脂肪(25.32±0.09)%,总糖含量(0.044±0.002)mg/100 g;共检出18种氨基酸,总含量(46.50±0.89)%;谷氨酸含量最高,为(5.57±0.11)%;必须氨基酸占总氨基酸的(37.75±0.01)%;主要的限制氨基酸是色氨酸和亮氨酸;药效氨基酸占氨基酸总量的46.86%;蛋白质氨基酸评分(AAS)>0.8,化学评分(CS)>0.5;必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为77.86;共检出30种脂肪酸,EPA(二十碳五烯酸)+DHA(二十二碳六烯酸)含量(2.43±005)%;海胆黄富含钾、磷、钠、镁、铁、锌等矿物质元素;常量元素中,磷元素含量最高,为(1 432.27±8.91)mg/100 g;微量元素中,锌元素含量最高,为(13.13±0.09)mg/100 g。研究表明,海胆黄中蛋白质含量丰富,氨基酸种类多、比例合理,脂质含量高且富含EPA、DHA等多不饱和脂肪酸,矿物质含量丰富。

To determine the nutritional composition of sea urchin gonad and systematically analyze and reasonably evaluate its national value, the nutritional standard biochemical assay method and Association of Official Analytical Chemists （AOAC ） method were used to determine the moisture, crude a s h, crude protein, crude fat,total sugar,amino acid,fatty acid,and minerals in sea urchin gonad.The results showed that,the moisture content was （5.29±0.02）%,crude ash （8.69±0.03）%,crude protein （51.31±0.09）%,crude fat （25.32±0.09）% and carbohydrate （0.044±0.002） m g /100 g ; 18 kinds of amino acids were detected with a total content of （46.50±0.89）%,the most predominant amino acid was glutamic acid,being （5.57±0. 11）%, and the essential amino acids accounted for （37.75±0.01）% of the total amino acids.The main limiting amino acids were tryptophan and leucine,and medicinal qualities of amino acids accounted for 46. 86% of the total amino acids.The evaluation scores were AAS 〉0.8,C S 〉0.5,and the essential amino acid index EAAI was 77.86.Thirty kinds of fatty acids were found in sea urchin gonad,the content of EPA and D H A was （2.43 土 0.05）%; it was rich with mineral elements such as K ,P , Na , Mg , Fe , Zn , etc..Among the major elements P was the highest in content with （1 432.27±8.91）m g /100g and Zn was the highest in the major trace elements being （13.13±0.09）mg /100g.The research indicates that sea urchin gonad is rich in protein,with m a n y kinds of amino acids in reasonable proportion,high content of EPA and DHA as well as rich minerals.