一种双拖网渔船起网机安全防护装置的结构设计

Design of a safety device for the hauling machine of double-trawler fishing vessels

针对在海上恶劣作业环境下双拖网渔船起网机作业存在严重安全隐患的问题,对双拖网渔船的结构布局、起网机工作情况和已有安全防护装置进行了分析,设计了一套对原船体不做重大结构调整的纯机械结构起网机安全防护装置。利用数控车床的主轴功能,模拟4种不同起网线速(28、45、65和75 m/min)的渔船起网机作业状态,对安全防护装置进行了测试。结果显示,模拟船员因作业时遇险而激发防护装置,缠绕船员的网绳继续向摩擦鼓轮移动的距离远低于1.5 m;通过距离、速度、时间之间的换算关系,安全防护装置关停起网机低于1s,可在更大程度上避免船员发生因起网机引起的作业安全事故。研究表明,该保护装置可为拖网渔船起网机操作起到安全保护作用。

Aiming at the safety hazards existing in the net hauling operation of double-trawler fishing vessels under harsh marine environment,this paper analyzes the structure and layout of double-trawler fishing vessels, the operation of net haulers and the current safety devices,based on which,a set of pure mechanically structured hauler protection device that requires no significant adjustment of the vessel body has been designed. Using the spindle speed function of CNC machine tools,the operating states of four different hauling line speeds （28,45,65 and 75 m /min） of the net hauler were simulated to test the safety device.The results showed that, when the simulated crew triggered the safety device due to encountering dangers,the distance that the net rope winding the crew continued to move to the friction drum was less than 1.5 m . Through the conversion relationship of the distance, speed,and time,it was gained that the time span for the safety to shut down the hauling machine was less than 1s, which could avoid the occurrence of safety accidents caused by the net hauler to a greater extent. The research shows that this safety device can play a protecting role in the net hauling process of trawler vessels.