琼州海峡蟹类群落结构特征研究

Research on structural characteristics of crab communities in Qiongzhou Strait

琼州海峡是海南岛与雷州半岛之间所夹的水道,为中国三大海峡之一,海洋生物种类繁多。为研究琼州海峡蟹类群落结构特征,根据2016年5、10月在琼州海峡进行底拖网生物资源调查所获得的22个站位资料,分析琼州海峡蟹类种类组成、优势种、生物多样性等群落结构特征,并定量分析群落结构的相似性、相异性。结果显示,本次调查共鉴定出蟹类31种,隶属于12科19属,其中优势种为日本矶蟹(Parapenaeopsis hardwickii);分布在水深小于20 m区域的蟹类种数最多,随水深增加,蟹类种类数呈递减趋势;秋季蟹类的丰富度指数(D)为0.46,均匀度指数(J′)为0.65,多样性指数(H′)为1.07,均高于春季。研究表明,琼州海峡区域内,日本矶蟹对春季群落结构影响较大,远海梭子蟹(Portunus pelagicus)、红线黎明蟹(Matuta planipes)、日本蟳(Charybdis japonica)、锈斑蟳(Charybdis feriatus)、三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)和绵蟹(Lauridromia dehaani)等对秋季群落结构影响较大。

Qiongzhou Strait is the waterway between Hainan island and Leizhou peninsula, and it is one of the three great straits of China with rich Marine species there. To research on the Community structure characteristics of crab species in Qiongzhou Strait, based on the data of 22 positions acquired from marine resources surveys conducted in May and October of 2016 using bottom trawls, the community structural characteristics were analyzed such as species composition, dominant species, and diversity of crab, and the similarity and dissimilarity of community structures were quantitatively analyzed.The result shows that,a total of 31 species have been identified through the survey, which belong to 19 genera in 12 families,the dominant species is Parapenaeopsis hardwickii; the crabs living in areas no deeper than 20m are the largest in terms of species number which decreases with the increase of water depth.In autumn,the richness index （D） is 0.46, evenness index （J＇） is 0.65 and diversity index （ H＇ ） is 1.07 ,which are all higher than in spring.The research shows that, Parapenaeopsis hardwickii exerts great influence on the spring community structure, while Portunus pelagicus , Matuta planipes , Charybdis japonica, Charybdis feriatus , Portunus trituberculatus and Lauridromia dehaani have great influence on the autumn community structure.