双层巴士火灾事故人员疏散研究

Research on Evacuation of Double-decker Bus Fire Accident

为提高双层巴士的安全性,从乘客逃生的角度分析,运用Pathfinder构建疏散模型,并进行模拟分析。研究双层巴士内部楼梯设计对乘客疏散的影响,得出将双层巴士的楼梯宽度从0.8 m增加至1.0 m时,疏散时间能够缩短14.8 s;在前后两个楼梯总宽度为1.0 m的情况下,双楼梯结构比单楼梯结构双层巴士的疏散时间缩短20 s。通过引入人员伤亡风险,进一步验证了改进双层巴士的楼梯能够在一定程度上降低事故带来的风险,该研究结果可为双层巴士的设计及火灾事故人员疏散提供一定的理论基础。

In order to improve the safety of double-deck bus,with the help of pathfinder the evacuation model is built,and the simulation analysis is carried out from the angle of the passenger escape. According to study on double-decker bus internal staircase design influence on the evacuation of passengers,the result shows that when the bus stair width increase from 0. 8m to1 m,14. 8s can be shorten the evacuation time; when the two stairs total width is 1m,the double staircase structure than the single double-decker bus structure of the staircase evacuation time can be shortened 20 s. By introducing the risk of casualties,further validation of the double deck bus to the improvement of the stairs to a certain extent,reduce the risk of accident. This study provides a theoretical basis for the design of double-deck bus and the evacuation of fire accidents.