论马克思恩格斯在《德意志意识形态》中对几种道德学说的批判

The Criticism of Marx and Engels in German Ideology on Several Kinds of Moral Theories

在《德意志意识形态》中,马克思恩格斯依据唯物主义道德观的基本原理,对费尔巴哈的"现实的人"、施蒂纳的利己主义思想和唯心主义道德说教、康德的"善良意志"以及资产阶级功利论与享乐哲学等几种道德学说给予了批判。马克思恩格斯在批判中确立了现实的道德主体、重申了道德的物质根源,构想了全新的社会制度、揭露了资产阶级道德学说的虚伪性和欺骗性。马克思恩格斯对这些道德学说的批判,不仅具有重要的理论意义,而且对于我国当前的社会主义道德建设具有一定的启示意义。

In German Ideology, Marx and Engels critiqued several kinds of moral theories according to the basic principles of the materialist conception of morality. These moral theories included Feuerbach＇s idea of ＂real man＂, Sterner＇ s idea of egoism, Kant＇s ＂kind will＂ and the bourgeois utility theory and the philosophy of enjoyment. Marx and Engels es- tablished the subject of moral law in reality, restated the material root of moral, and constructed a brand new social system, and revealed the hypocrisy and deception of capitalist moral doctrines. The criticism has important theoretical and practical significance to the current socialist moral construction in China.