牟宗三“三系”说的方法论再认识

Reconsideration of the Methodology in "Three-School Doctrine" Proposed by MOU Zongsan

牟宗三哲学是现代新儒学的重镇,在牟宗三先生看来,整个宋明儒学大致分为三个系统,即"三系说",分别为:胡五峰、刘蕺山的一系;陆象山、王阳明的一系;伊川、朱子的一系。前两系持"逆觉体证"的方法,伊川、朱子持"顺取"的方法。"顺取"以心观物穷理,顺理以应物,"格物致知",重后天之涵养以及格物致知。"逆觉体证"则是自我兴发的自觉与明悟,返身内求,由外在欲望世界跳脱,自证本心。通过对两种哲学方法的阐述,可以从一个侧面推进对牟宗三哲学认识的深化。

The school of philosophy lead by Master MOU Zongsan has a key position in modem Neo-Confucianism. In his viewpoint, the entire Song-Ming Neo-Confucianism can he roughly divided into three schools, namely, the school re- presented by HU Wufeng and LIU Jishan, one by LU Xiangshan and WANG Yangming, and one by YI Chuan and ZHU Zi. This view is also known as ＂ Three-School Doctrine＂. The first two schools support the methodology of＇ ＂ Ni jue ti zheng＂ （to apprehend by intuition） ,while the last one insists on the methodology of ＂ Shun qu＂ （ the way of intellect and cognition）. Through the exposition of the two kinds of methodology above, this article tries to promote the further under- standing of MOU Zongsan＇s philosophy from one side.