髋部骨折流行病学分布特点:单中心2859例分析

Epidemiological distribution of hip fractures:a single center analysis of 2 859 cases

目的回顾性分析2 859例髋部骨折患者的流行病学特点,为进一步完善老年髋部骨折的防治手段提供依据。方法收集第二军医大学长海医院2004年1月—2016年12月收治入院的所有髋部骨折患者病例资料,采集患者的年龄、性别、受伤机制、骨折类型、受伤至手术时间、住院时间、出血量、手术方法等信息,采用SPSS 16.0软件进行数据处理,分析髋部骨折的流行病学分布特点。结果 (1)本院的髋部骨折收治总数逐年增加,其中股骨颈骨折的占比最高(1 602/2 859,56.03%),股骨粗隆间骨折次之。(2)髋部骨折患者年龄52~104岁,年龄分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中,71~80岁组最多,占37.39%(1 069/2 859)。(3)髋部骨折病例中女性所占比例(1 916/2 859,67.02%)高于男性(943/2 859,32.98%)。(4)受伤机制分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),行走中自行摔伤导致骨折最多,占87.65%(2 506/2 859)。(5)骨折类型在不同性别之间的分布差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),女性股骨颈骨折较多,男性股骨粗隆间骨折比例较高。(6)所有患者中合并有糖尿病(765/2 859,26.76%)或心脑血管疾病(739/2 859,25.85%)的病例数最多。结论老年髋部骨折以股骨颈骨折和股骨粗隆间骨折多见,其在年龄、性别、受伤机制、合并症等方面均有一定的流行病学分布特征,这为进一步改善髋部骨折的防治策略提供了线索。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of 2 859 patients with hip fractures, so as to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of elderly patients with hip fractures. Methods The clinical data of 2 859 patients with hip fractures in Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University from Jan. 2004 to Dec. 2016 were collected, including age, gender, injury mechanism, fracture type, injury-operation time, hospital stays, bleeding volume and operation method. SPSS 16. 0 software was used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of elderly patients with hip fractures. Results （1） The total number of in-patients with hip fractures in our hospital increased annually,with the proportion of femoral neck fractures being the highest （1 602/2 859, 56.03%）, followed by intertrochanteric fractures. （2） The age of the patients with hip fractures was 52-104 years old, and there was a significant difference in the age distribution （P〈0. 05）, with the patients aged 71-80 years being the most majority, accounting for 37. 39% （1 069/2 859）. （3） The proportion of female patients with hip fractures （1 916/2 859, 67. 02%） was higher than that of male patients （943/2 859, 32. 98%）. （4） The distribution of injury mechanism was significantly different （P〈0. 05）. The number of fractures caused by walking falls was the highest, accounting for 87.65% （2 506/2 859）. （5） The distribution of fracture types was significantly different in different genders （P〈0. 05）. The proportion of femoral neck fractures was higher in female patients, while the proportion of intertrochanteric fractures was higher in male patients. （6） The incidences of hip fractures were the highest in patients with diabetes or cardiovascular disease, accounting for 26. 76% （765/2 859） and 25. 85% （739/2 859）, respectively. Conclusion Femoral neck fractures and intertrochanterie fractures are the most common types in elderly patients with hip fractures. The distributions of age, gender, injury mechanism and complications of elderly patients have certain epidemiological characteristics, which provides clue to further improve the prevention and treatment of hip fractures.