第三波之后的民主“困惑”

Confusion about Democracy after the Third Wave

在亨廷顿所说的第三波民主浪潮之后,世界产生了与西方乐观预测相反的乱象。南北差距,发展中国家的国家建设,乃至宗教极端主义的泛起,都给世界带来了新的变数。世界范围内日益扩大的经济发展的不均衡性和贫困问题的蔓延、后发国家国体和政体的差别,导致后发的民主政体充满差异。民主化需要政治稳定和一种理性化的社会土壤,没有了政治稳定,所谓的民主只能是空谈。而这种理性化社会土壤形成的标志,很重要的一点就是其政治一体化的程度。政治一体化意味着政治不以种族、宗教、阶级、文化或领土界限截然分开。没有这样一个前提,民主化只能导致社会的分裂和动乱。

The third wave did not lead to the bright democracy wave involved many problems such as the developing countries, and the religious extremism. It future as the Western scholars expected. The chaos of gap between South and North, the state building in the bought the variable factors into the world situation. The following factors, including the enlarging disparities between the rich nations and the poor ones, the spreading of the poverty problem, and the differences between the state system and regimes, all led to different forms of democracy in latecomer developing countries. Democratization needs the political stability of regime and rational social soil. Democracy could not exist without stability. The most important symbols of the rational social soil is the degree of integration of politics which means that politics is not divided by race, religion, class, culture or territorial boundaries. The democratization can only lead to social split and chaos without political integration.