西欧主权国家萌芽的前奏:不承认有上级的君主

The “Principes Superiors in Terries Non Recognoscentes”:Prelude of the Bud of Sovereignty in Western Europe

13-14世纪,西欧政治舞台上活跃着"不承认有上级的君主"。"不承认有上级的君主"主要指两类君主,第一类是世俗君主或教皇的封建附庸,他们的政治实力强大到足以拒绝领主超越于封建契约的干预或胁迫,第二类是跟神圣罗马帝国皇帝没有封建关系且能拒绝皇帝干预本国事务的君主。"不承认有上级的君主"是自己土地上的最高权威,他们能够排除外部势力的干预,以更独立自由的姿态进行政治活动。"不承认有上级的君主"的出现,既表明了强权政治的原则开始主导西欧的政治格局,也预示着未来西欧主权国家的诞生。

The thirteenth and fourteenth centuries witnessed the activity of the principes superiors in terries non recognoscentes on Western European political stage. The so - called principes superiors in terries non recognoscentes consisted of two kinds of princes. The first one was the vassals of the secular monarchs and popes, their power was strong enough to deny the feudal lords＇ excessive interference and oppression. The second one was those who were outside a feudal relationship with the emperor of Holy Roman Empire and could deny his interference. The principes superiors in terries non recognoscentes were the highest authority on their lands, they were able to overcome the intervention of external forces, and could act more independently on the political stage. The appearance of the principes superiors in terries non recognoscentes meant the principle of power politics began to dominate the political structure of Western Europe, and indicated the birth of sovereign states in the future.