2008-2016年中国性病监测点尖锐湿疣流行特征分析

Epidemiological features of condyloma acuminatum in national sexually transmitted disease surveillance sites in China from 2008 to 2016

目的 了解中国尖锐湿疣流行特征，为制定控制对策提供依据。方法 用描述性流行病学方法对2008—2016年中国105个国家性病监测点报告的尖锐湿疣病例资料进行“三间分布”分析。结果 尖锐湿疣的报告发病率从2008年29.47/10万下降到2016年24.26/10万，年均下降2.21%。不同监测点报告发病率差异较大，最高可达207.36/10万，最低 〈 1/10万。高发监测点主要分布于珠江三角洲、长江三角洲、闽江地区和西部部分少数民族地区，报告发病率较低的监测点主要分布在东北、华北和中部地区，少数农村监测点无病例报告。2008—2010年女性报告发病率高于男性，2011—2016年男性高于女性，男女性别比呈上升趋势，由2008年的0.97∶1上升至2016年的1.11∶1。高发年龄段为20～39岁的性活跃人群，以25～29岁年龄组报告发病率最高（68.78/10万 ~ 91.12/10万）。综合医院报告病例数最多，占60.44% ~ 79.48%，其次为皮肤性病专科医院、妇科医院和妇幼保健院。结论 中国性病监测点尖锐湿疣发病总体上呈稳中有降趋势，但仍维持在较高水平，一些低发地区监测点仍呈增长趋势，应引起重视，根据其流行特定采取有效的防治措施。

Objective To investigate epidemiological features of condyloma acuminatum in China, and to provide scientific evidences for developing control strategies. Methods A descriptive epidemiological study was conducted to analyze personal, spatial and temporal distribution of condyloma acuminatum cases reported from 105 national sexually transmitted disease （STD） surveillance sites between 2008 and 2016. Results The reported incidence rate of condyloma acuminatum decreased from 29.47 per 100 000 in 2008 to 24.26 per 100 000 in 2016, with an average annual decline rate of 2.21%. There was marked variation in the reported incidence of condyloma acuminatum among different surveillance sites, with a range from 〈 1 per 100 000 to 207.36 per 100 000. The reported incidence was relatively high in the Zhujiang River Delta region, Yangtze River Delta region, Minjiang River region and some ethnic minority areas in western China, but low in northeast China, north China and central China. In addition, no cases were reported at a few sites in rural areas. The reported annual incidence rate was higher in females than in males from 2008 to 2010, but higher in males than in females from 2011 to 2016. The ratio of male to female cases increased from 0.97∶1 in 2008 to 1.11∶1 in 2016. Among all the age groups, the sexually active population aged 20 - 39 years showed high reported incidence of condyloma acuminatum, with the highest reported incidence observed in the group aged 25 - 29 years （range, 68.78/100 000 - 91.12/100 000）. Among all kinds of medical institutions, general hospitals had the largest number of reported cases of condyloma acuminatum （range, 60.44% - 79.48%）, followed by specialized dermatovenereology hospitals, gynecology hospitals and maternal and child health （MCH） hospitals. Conclusions Overall, the incidence of condyloma acuminatum shows a stable or a slight downward trend with a high level in national STD surveillance sites, but is still on the rise in some low-epidemic surveillance sites. More attention should be paid to the prevention of condyloma acuminatum, and effective preventive measures are needed to be developed according to its epidemiological features.