社会救助视角下的汉宣帝中兴

The Revival during Emperor Liu Xun's Reign from the Perspective of Social Assistance

在民间长大的汉宣帝,熟知民情,了解百姓疾苦,所以比其他帝王更加关心百姓。昭帝轻徭薄赋、与民休息的政策,为宣帝实施社会救助在政治和经济上提供了条件。他实行德治,重视农本,招抚流亡,减轻赋税徭役,尊老安贫,关心救助鳏寡孤独,宣扬孝道,选贤任能,整顿吏治,务求安民,省刑轻罚,平理刑狱。西汉帝王赈济鳏寡孤独的赐物诏书共有29道,而宣帝一人就多达11道,他堪称汉代最关心鳏寡孤独者的皇帝。宣帝选贤任能,重视对官吏的监察管理,为社会救助的贯彻落实提供了组织保障。宣帝时良吏盛多,"吏称其职,民安其业"。《汉书·循吏传》记载西汉良吏六人,有五人出自宣帝朝。汉宣帝的社会救助措施对于化解民众生存危机,安定人民生活,维护社会稳定,促进社会生产发展和汉朝中兴产生了积极作用。

Having grown up among commonalities, Liu Xun, unlike other emperors of the Han Dynasty, had a better understanding of the sufferings of his people. His predecessor Emperor Zhao adopted light tax policies and this laid the political and economic foundation for Liu Xun' simplementation of social assistance. Liu Xun saw to it that there were to be benevolent governance, valuation of agriculture, placement of the homeless, lessening of taxes, respect for the old and the poor, Helping the widowed and the deprived, promoting filial piety, appointment of able and virtuous officials, straightening governance, lenient criminal penalty, safeguarding justice and integrity of trial. Emperors of the West Han Dynasty had issued 29 sovereign decrees regarding assistance to the widowed and the deprived, and among them, Liu Xun issued 11, making him the one most concerned about the underprivileged. His appointment of able officials and streamlining of governance provided for the implementation of social assistance. His social assistance policies and practice helped to alleviate social crisis, improve people's wellbeing and social stability, thus making possible the revival of the Han Dynasty.